Kızılırmak River

For other uses, see Kızılırmak (disambiguation).

Kızılırmak
Halys
River
Kızılırmak in Avanos
Country	Turkey
Tributaries
- left	Devrez River, Gök River
- right	Delice River
Cities	Sivas, Kırşehir, Kırıkkale
Source
- location	İmranlı, Sivas Province
- elevation	2,000 m (6,562 ft)
- coordinates
Mouth	Black Sea
- location	Bafra, Samsun Province
- elevation	0 m (0 ft)
- coordinates
Length	1,355 km (842 mi)
Map of the Kızılırmak watershed
Ramsar Wetland
Official name	Kizilirmak Delta
Designated	April 15, 1998

geographical position of Kızılırmak

The Kızılırmak (Turkish for "Red River"), also known as the Halys River (Ancient Greek: Ἅλυς), is the longest river entirely within Turkey. It is a source of hydroelectric power and is not used for navigation.

Geography

The Kızılırmak flows for a total of 1,355 kilometres (842 mi), rising in Eastern Anatolia around , flowing first to the west and southwest until , then forming a wide arch, the "Halys bend", flowing first to the west, then to the northwest, passing to the northeast of Lake Tuz, then to the north and northeast, where it is joined by its major tributary, the Delice River (also known by its Greek name Cappadox) at , and after zigzagging to the northwest to the confluence with the Devrez River at , and back to the northeast, joining the Gökırmak before finally flowing through its delta into the Black Sea at . Dams on the river include the Boyabat, Altınkaya and Derbent.

History

The Hittites called it the Maraššantiya. It formed the western boundary of Hatti, the core land of the Hittite empire. In Classical Antiquity, it was the boundary between Asia Minor and the rest of Asia, and also the boundary between Pontos and Paphlagonia. As the site of the Battle of Halys or Battle of the Eclipse on May 28, 585 BC, it was the border between Lydia to the west and Media to the east until Croesus of Lydia crossed it to attack Cyrus the Great in 547 BC. He was defeated and Persia expanded to the Aegean Sea.

Agriculture

The river water is used to grow rice and in some areas water buffalo are kept.

In popular culture

The historical fiction manga Red River is named after and largely set in the Kızılırmak basin, during the age of the Hittites.

External links

• Livius.org: Halys - Photos
• sdu.dk/halys

-