Mark 41 Vertical Launching System

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Mk 41 Vertical Launching System
300px
A single 8-cell Mk 41 VLS module fitted to New Zealand frigate HMNZS Te Kaha
Type Missile Launching System
Place of origin United States of America
Service history
In service 1986 – present
Used by United States Navy
and a number of others
Wars Cold War
Tanker War
Gulf War
Kosovo War
War on Terror
Production history
Designed 1970s
Manufacturer Martin Marietta
Lockheed Martin
Variants Mk 57

The Mark 41 Vertical Launching System (Mk 41 VLS) is a shipborne missile canister launching system which provides a rapid-fire launch capability against hostile threats.[1] The Vertical Launch System (VLS) concept was derived from work on the Aegis Combat System.[2]

History

Refinement of the initial concept of Aegis system in the 1960s continued through the 1960s and 1970s, and the Mk 41 was conceived in 1976.[2] Originally, the system was only intended to fire the RIM-66 Standard missile, but after the United States Navy decided that all VLS had to be capable of firing the Tomahawk missile, with a consequential increase in the height of the Mk 41 to accommodate the larger missile.[2] The prototype for the launcher was tested and evaluated onboard USS Norton Sound (AVM-1). The first operational launcher was installed aboard USS Bunker Hill.[2]

Specifications

Mark 41

The Mk 41 is capable of firing the following missiles: RIM-66 Standard, RIM-67 Standard, RIM-161 Standard Missile 3, RIM-174 Standard ERAM, Tomahawk, RUM-139 VL-ASROC, RIM-7 Sea Sparrow, and RIM-162 ESSM.[2] The missiles are pre-loaded into "canisters", which are then loaded into the individual "cells" of the launcher. The ESSM is loaded in a quad-pack with 4 missiles in one Mk 25 canister.[2] Launcher cells are fitted to ships in 8 cell (2 rows of 4) modules that share a common uptake hatch (exhaust system) sited between the two rows.[2] Mk 41 VLS adopts modular design concept, which result in different versions that vary in size and weight due to different "canisters" in various modules. The height (missile length) of the launcher comes in three sizes: 209 inches (5.3 m) for the self-defense version, 266 inches (6.8 m) for the tactical version, and 303 inches (7.7 m) for the strike version. The empty weight for an 8-cell module is 26,800 pounds for the self-defense version, 29,800 pounds for the tactical version, and 32,000 pounds for the strike version.[2] Originally, one module would consist of five cells and a collapsible crane for assisting with replenishment at sea, but replenishment of large missiles at sea was later seen as impractical and dangerous, and modules with the cranes fell out of use.[2]

Mk 57

File:Mk 57.png
Mk 57 VLS

Mk 57 VLS is the development of Mk 41 VLS. Developed by Raytheon, the primary improvement of Mk 57 GMVLS (guided missile vertical launching system) over Mk 41 is its exhaust gas management system that can accommodate new missile designs having up to 45 percent greater rocket motor mass flow rate than that of Mk 41.[3] The unique symmetric geometry of the U-shaped gas management system facilitates the egress of gases, while minimizing flow into witness cells and reversed flow into the active cell. Elimination of a missile deluge system significantly reduces maintenance and personnel requirements, and protects against accidental missile wet-down.

Vertical Missile Launcher Mk 57 GMVLS specifications [4]
# of missiles 4
Width (ft/m) 7.25 / 2.21
length (ft/m) 14.2 / 4.33
Height (ft/m) 26 / 7.93
Weight (lb/kg) 33,600 / 15,240
Max canister width (in/m) 28 / 0.71
Max canister length (in/m) 283 / 7.18
Max encanistered weight (lb/kg) 9,020 / 4,091

Variants

According to NAVEDTRA 14324, Gunner's Mate, Chapter 7:

Mk 41 VLS in use by nations

A Tomahawk missile being launched from the Mark 41 Vertical Launching System aboard United States Navy destroyer USS Farragut
 Australia
 Canada
 Denmark
 Germany
 Japan
 Netherlands
 Norway
 New Zealand
 South Korea
 Spain
 Thailand
 Turkey
 United States of America

Gallery

  • The VLS cells on board USS San Jacinto.

  • A Tomahawk missile canister being loaded into a VLS aboard the Arleigh Burke class destroyer USS Curtis Wilbur

  • US Navy 050903-N-1332Y-146 A Sailor aboard the guided missile destroyer USS Fitzgerald (DDG 62) inspect the MK 41 Vertical Launching System (VLS) for water to prevent electrical failure.jpg

    VLS cells open for inspection aboard USS Fitzgerald

  • US Navy 021121-N-0000X-005 A developmental Standard Missile-3 (SM-3), designed to intercept short to medium-ranged ballistic missile threats, is launched from the Pearl Harbor-based Aegis cruiser USS Lake Erie (CG 70).jpg

    An SM3 departs the Mk 41 VLS aboard USS Lake Erie with uptake hatch and cell hatch open.

  • 110909-N-XQ375-035 USS Mitscher VLS Strikedown Crane folded.jpg

    VLS Strikedown crane folded, aboard USS Mitscher

  • 020805-N-XP218-008 USS Hopper VLS Strikedown Crane.jpg

    VLS Strikedown crane extended, aboard USS Hopper

  • MK 41 VLS Diagram.jpg

    Diagram of a Mk 41 Mod 0 VLS.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Mk 57
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 NAVEDTRA 14324, Gunner's Mate, Chapter 7.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 U.S. Navy Guided Missile Launcher Systems Accessed May 15, 2014.

External links

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