Massimo family

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Massimo is the name of a Roman princely family whose genealogical tree starts with a Leone Massimo in the 11th century, although clear records do not begin until the 15th century.[1]

Legendary origins

The princely house of Massimo is sometimes cited as one of the oldest noble families in Europe.[2][3] It has claimed descent from the ancient Maximi of republican Rome and from Quintus Fabius Maximus (c. 275 BC – 203 BC), called Cunctator (the Delayer). When asked by Napoleon (with whom he was negotiating the Treaty of Tolentino) whether the family descended from Fabius Maximus, the then Prince Massimo famously replied: «Je ne saurais en effet le prouver, c’est un bruit qui ne court que depuis douze cents ans dans notre famille» (""I can not actually prove it, it's a rumor that only runs for twelve hundred years in our family").[4][5]

The Massimo family also alleges to have provided two Popes to the Catholic Church, both saints - Pope Anastasius I (died 401), who denounced the Origenist heresy, and Pope Paschal I (died 824), who was involved in one of the earliest attempts to Christianise Scandinavia.

History

The family's more reliable history begins in 1012 in the person of Leo de Maximis. Thereafter the family grew in influence among the Roman barons, and played a considerable part in the history of the city in the Middle Ages, producing numerous Cardinals, ambassadors, and civil and military leaders. The family were significant patrons of the arts, with the brothers Pietro and Francesco Massimo acquiring fame by protecting and encouraging the German printers Sweynheim and Pannartz, who came to Rome in 1467, where the first printed books in Italy were produced in the Massimo Palace.[6] In the 17th century Cardinal Camillo II Massimo was famous as the patron of both Velasquez and Poussin.[7]

In the 16th century the Massimo were the richest of the Roman nobles. A marquisate was conferred on them in 1544, and the lordship of Arsoli in 1574, and the Papal Princely title thereafter.

The Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne in Rome was built by the celebrated Sienese architect Baldassare Peruzzi by order of Pietro Massimo, on the ruins of an earlier palace destroyed in the sack of Rome in 1527. The curved façade is built on and dictated by the foundations of the stands for the stadium odeon of the emperor Domitian. The interior ceilings and vestibules are elaborately ornamented with rosettes and coffered roofs. The entrance ceiling is decorated with a fresco by Daniele da Volterra, who represented "Life of Fabius Maximus". The chapel on the 2nd floor was a room where the 14-year-old Paolo Massimo, son of Prince Fabrizio Massimo, was recalled briefly to life by Saint Philip Neri on March 16, 1583. The interior of the palace is open to public only on that day each year when the family receive the Cardinals and other high officials to honor the event. Other notable events in the palace of the 16th century including various intra-familial murders. The palace is considered one of the most important early Renaissance mannerist masterpieces and remains the principal residence of the family, along with the Massimo Castle at Arsoli.

Many of the Massimo princesses who married into the family were from the most important Royal families of Europe. These included HRH Princess Cristina of Saxony, who married Prince Camillo Massimiliano in 1796; HRH Princess Maria-Gabriella of Savoy, who married Prince Camillo Vittorio in 1827; HRH Princess Beatrice of Borbon, daughter of HRH Don Carlos, Duke of Madrid, the pretender to the Spanish throne who married Prince Fabrizio in 1897; and HRH Princess Maria-Adelaide of Savoy-Genoa, daughter of the Duke of Genoa and niece of King Victor Emmanuel III,[8] who married Prince Leone in 1935.

The family all bear the Princely title (see original Almanach de Gotha, 1922 edition linked below).[9] The Princely family is represented by Prince Fabrizio Massimo-Brancaccio, Prince of Arsoli and Prince of Triggiano (b. 1963), whose heir Prince Fabrizio has requested not be cited, and Prince Stefano Massimo, Prince of Roccasecca dei Volsci (b. 1955), whose heir is Prince Valerio Massimo (b. 1973).[10] On the 21 May 2009 Prince Valerio reached the summit of Mount Everest.[11]

Sources

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References

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  2. Vittorio Spreti, Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana: famiglie nobili e titolate viventi riconosciute dal R. Governo d'Italia, compresi: città, comunità, mense vescovili, abazie, parrocchie ed enti nobili e titolati riconosciuti, promossa e diretta dal marchese Vittorio Spreti, Milano: Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, 1931; Rist. anast. Bologna: Forni, stampa 1969, Vol. IV, p. 478 (Google libri; URL consultato il 15 settembre 2010).
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  4. Ceccarius, I Massimo, Roma: Istituto di studi romani, 1954
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  6. Reference to first books printed in Rome, in the Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne Archived May 11, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
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