Megalopolis (city type)

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Northeast megalopolis (USA), Taiheiyō Belt (Japan)

A megalopolis (sometimes called a megapolis; also megaregion, or supercity)[1] is typically defined as a chain of roughly adjacent metropolitan areas. The term was used by Patrick Geddes in his 1915 book Cities in Evolution,[2] by Oswald Spengler in his 1918 book, The Decline of the West, and Lewis Mumford in his 1938 book, The Culture of Cities, which described it as the first stage in urban overdevelopment and social decline. Later, it was used by Jean Gottmann in 1954, to describe the chain of metropolitan areas along the northeastern seaboard of the U.S. extending from Boston, Massachusetts through New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and ending in Washington, D.C. and Northern Virginia.[3][4][5] The latter is sometimes called the "BosWash megalopolis".

Definitions

Megalopolis is a Western deformation of the Greek word that derived from Greek: μέγας - 'great' and Greek: πόλις - 'city', therefore literally a 'great city'. This term is closer in meaning to megacity. Because in Greek, πόλις is feminine, the correct term is megalopolis.

A megalopolis, also known as a megaregion, is a clustered network of cities. Gottmann defined its population as 25 million.[6] Doxiadis defined a small megalopolis a similar cluster with a population of about 10 million.[7][8][9] America 2050,[10] a program of the Regional Plan Association, lists 11 megaregions in the United States and Canada.[7] Literally, megalopolis in Greek means a city of exaggerated size where the prefix megalo- represents a quantity of exaggerated size.[11] Megapolitan areas were explored in a July 2005 report by Robert E. Lang and Dawn Dhavale of the Metropolitan Institute at Virginia Tech.[12] A later 2007 article by Lang and Nelson uses 20 megapolitan areas grouped into 10 megaregions.[13] The concept is based on the original Megalopolis model.[9]

Modern interlinked ground transportation corridors, such as rail and highway, often aid in the development of megalopolises. Using these commuter passageways to travel throughout the megalopolis is informally called megaloping. This term was coined by Davide Gadren and Stefan Berteau.[14]

Africa

Asia

East Asia

China

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Further information: Metropolitan regions of China

In July 2012, the Economist Intelligence Unit brought out a report entitled; Supersized cities: China’s 13 megalopolises, which pinpoints the 13 emerging megalopolises in China, and highlights the demographic and income trends that are shaping their development.

Japan

South Korea

South Asia

Dhaka, Bangladesh; part of the emerging chain of cities in the Bengal region

Transnational (South Asia)

Bangladesh
  1. Dhaka(Greater Dhaka Megalopolis consists four city Corporations Dhaka South, Dhaka North,Gazipur, and Narayanganj and five municipals Savar Municipality (A class),Dohar Municipality (A class),Dhamrai Municipality (A class),Tongi Municipality (Special Class),Sonargaon Municipality(B class)(17,000,000)
  2. Chittagong (40,09423)
India
Nepal

Kathmandu valley, which consists of 5 municipalities namely Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Kirtipur and Madhyapur Thimi, along with the peripheral cities of Banepa, Panauti and Dhulikhel.

Southeast Asia

Rank Megalopolis Name Country Population
in millions		 Major cities
1 Java  Indonesia 141[24] Jakarta, Bandung, Serang, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Bekasi, Bogor, Depok, Malang, Semarang, Tasikmalaya, Tangerang, Cirebon
2 Mega Manila  Philippines 40+ Manila, Angeles, Baguio, Batangas, Dagupan, Olongapo
3 Central Thailand  Thailand 20+ Bangkok, Ayuthaya, Pattaya
4 Southeast Economic Zone  Vietnam 16+ Đồng Nai, Bình Dương, Ho Chi Minh City, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Province, Long An, Tiền Giang

Southwest Asia

Iran

  • Greater Tehran: A region located in Iranian Tehran and Alborz Province in central Northern Iran with its influence expanding in Qom Province, Qazvin Province and Mazandaran Province, home for at least 15 million people, it is one of the most populous urban areas in the Greater Middle East and the surrounding regions. Tehran was a small village 200 years ago when it was first chosen as the Capital city and it has been growing at a very fast rate.

Turkey

(all figures extrapolated from end of 2014 and end of 2015 figures of,[27] to middle of year 2016)

  • Greater Istanbul: Includes Istanbul city proper, with continuous urbanization spilling over to neighboring provinces, as well as nearby dense population and highly industrialized areas. Istanbul, eastern counties of Tekirdağ province, entire coast of Izmit bay, and Adapazarı add up to 17.5 million population.
  • Other major cities: Ankara (5 million), Izmir (includes satellites Torbalı-Aliağa-Urla-Manisa to add up to 4 million), Adana-Tarsus-Mersin (3 million), Bursa (2.1 million)

Europe

  • The Blue Banana

  • The Golden Banana

  • The Green Banana

Transnational (Europe)

Rank Megalopolis Name Population in millions Countries & Respective Cities
1 Blue Banana 110–130[28]  United Kingdom: Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Nottingham, Birmingham, London
 Belgium: Brussels, Antwerp
 Netherlands: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht
 Luxembourg: Luxembourg
 Germany: Rhine-Ruhr, Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Stuttgart, Nuremberg
 France: Strasbourg, Lille
  Switzerland: Zürich, Basel
 Italy: Turin, Milan, Genoa
2 Golden Banana 40–45[29]  Italy: Turin, Genoa
 France: Lyon, Nice, Toulon, Marseille, Nîmes, Montpellier, Narbonne, Perpignan, Toulouse
 Monaco: Monaco
 Andorra: Andorra
 Spain: Manresa, Girona, Barcelona, Tarragona, Castellón de la Plana, Sagunt, Valencia, Alicante, Murcia, Cartagena
3 Green Banana 40  Poland: Gdańsk, Katowice
 Czech Republic: Ostrava, Olomouc, Brno
 Austria: Vienna
 Slovakia: Bratislava
 Hungary: Budapest
 Slovenia: Ljubljana
 Croatia: Zagreb
 Italy: Trieste
4 Atlantic Axis 12[30]  Portugal: Setúbal, Lisboa, Santarém, Leiria, Coimbra, Viseu, Aveiro, Porto, Braga, Viana do Castelo
 Spain: Vigo, Ourense, Pontevedra, Santiago de Compostela, Coruña
5 Gulf of Finland 10  Russia: Gatchina, Saint Petersburg, Vyborg
 Finland: Lappeenranta, Kotka, Kouvola, Lahti, Vantaa, Helsinki, Espoo, Hämeenlinna, Tampere, Turku
 Estonia: Tallinn
6 STRING 8.5[31]  Germany: Hamburg
 Denmark: Copenhagen
 Sweden: Malmö

Denmark and Sweden

Rank Megalopolis Name Population
in millions		 Major cities
1 Greater Copenhagen 3.9[32][33] Copenhagen, Malmö, Helsingborg, Lund, and Roskilde

France

Rank Megalopolis Name Population
in millions		 Major cities
1 Paris metropolitan area 12.3[34] Paris & most of Île-de-France
2 Lyon economic region 5.5[29] Lyon & Rhône-Alpes river area
3 Marseille metropolitan region 1.8[29] Marseille, Aix-en-Provence
4 Toulouse economic region 1.5[29] Toulouse, Andorra (independent state, not a part of France)
5 Nice economic region 1.1[29] Nice, Monaco (independent city state, not a part of France)

Germany

[29][35]

Rank Megalopolis Name Population
in millions		 Major cities
1 Rhine-Ruhr 13.5 Cologne, Düsseldorf, Dortmund, Essen
2 Berlin-Brandenburg 5.95 Berlin, Potsdam
3 Frankfurt Rhine-Main 5.52 Frankfurt, Wiesbaden, Mainz
4 Stuttgart Metropolitan Region 5.29[29] Stuttgart
5 Munich Metropolitan Region 5.2[29] Munich
6 Hamburg Metropolitan Region 5.0 Hamburg
7 Saxon triangle 4.36[29] Leipzig, Halle, Dresden
8 Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg EMR 3.91[29] Hannover, Braunschweig, Göttingen, Wolfsburg
9 Nuremberg Metropolitan Region 3.5[29] Nuremberg
10 Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region 2.37[29] Bremen, Oldenburg

Italy

[29][36]

Rank Megalopolis Name Population
in millions		 Major cities
1 Grande Milano 7.5 Milan
2 Naples metropolitan area 4.46 Naples
3 Rome metropolitan area 4.3 Rome
4 Turin economic region 4.1 Turin & Piedmont centre and south area
5 Venice-Padova-Treviso metropolitan area 2.6 Venice & Padova & Treviso central-eastern Veneto region
6 Genoa metropolitan region 1.5 Genoa
7 Conca d'Oro 1.1 Palermo and neighboring cities

Low Countries

Netherlands, Belgium & Luxembourg:[29]

Rank Megalopolis Name Population
in millions		 Major cities
1 Randstad 7.5 Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht
2 Flemish Diamond 5.5 Brussels, Antwerp, Ghent, Leuven
3 Brabantse Stedenrij 2.0 Eindhoven, Tilburg, Breda, 's-Hertogenbosch, Helmond

Poland and the Czech Republic

Rank Megalopolis Name Population
in millions		 Major cities
1 Silesian Metropolis 5.3 Katowice, Ostrava

Spain

[29]

Rank Megalopolis Name Population
in millions		 Major cities
1 Madrid region 6.3 Madrid
2 Barcelona 4.5 Barcelona
3 Valencia 2.2 Valencia, Sagunto
3 Murcia-Alicante 2.2 Murcia, Alicante, Cartagena, Benidorm

United Kingdom

Rank Megalopolis Name Population
in millions		 Major cities
1 London commuter belt 21.0[37] London, Southend-on-Sea, Chatham, Luton, Reading
2 Northern England 9.4[29][38] Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, Sheffield, Warrington, Bradford, Birkenhead, Preston, Blackburn, Blackpool
3 English midlands 6.3[29][38] Birmingham, Nottingham, Coventry, Leicester, Wolverhampton, Derby, Stoke-on-Trent
4 Central Belt 3.6[38] Glasgow, Edinburgh
5 South Hampshire-Brighton 2.8[29][38] Southampton, Portsmouth, Brighton, Worthing, Littlehampton, Bournemouth
6 Tyne & Wear Region 2.2[29][38] Newcastle, Sunderland, Middlesbrough
7 Cardiff-Bristol-Swansea 2.2[29][38] Cardiff, Bristol, Swansea, Newport

North America

Canada

Quebec City in Quebec City – Windsor Corridor
Megalopolis Name Population
in millions
2000		 Population
in millions
2025 (projected)		 Population
percent growth 2000 - 2025 (projected)		 Major cities Related articles
Quebec City – Windsor Corridor 18 21 16.7% Hamilton, Kingston, Kitchener, London, Mississauga, Montreal, Oshawa, Ottawa, Peterborough, Quebec City, Toronto, Trois-Rivieres, Windsor Quebec City – Windsor Corridor, Southern Ontario
Calgary-Edmonton Corridor 2 4 100% Calgary, Edmonton, Red Deer, St. Albert, Airdrie Calgary-Edmonton Corridor, Calgary Region, Edmonton Capital Region, Central Alberta

Mexico

Mexico City megalopolis
Megalopolis Name Population
in millions
2015		 Population
in millions
2025 (projected)		 Population
percent growth 2000 - 2025 (projected)		 Major cities Related articles
Bajío 11  ?  ?% León, Querétaro, Aguascalientes, Celaya, Irapuato, San Juan del Río, Salamanca Bajío
Mexico City megalopolis 34  ?  ?% Mexico City, Puebla, Cuernavaca, Toluca, Pachuca, Tula, Tlaxcala, Cuautla, Tulancingo

United States

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Further information: Megaregions of the United States
MapofEmergingUSMegaregions.png
Phoenix in the Arizona Sun Corridor
Oakland in Northern California
San Bernardino in Southern California

Constituent urban areas of each megalopolis are based on reckoning by a single American organization, the Regional Plan Association (RPA). The RPA definition of the Great Lakes Megalopolis includes some Canadian metropolitan areas with the United States, including some but not all major urban centres in the Windsor-Quebec City Corridor. Note that one city, Houston, is listed in two different Megalopolis regions as defined by the RPA, (the Gulf Coast and Texas Triangle).[7][39]

Megalopolis Name Population
in millions
2010		 Percent of U.S. Population (2010) Population
in millions
2025 (projected)		 Population
percent growth 2010 - 2025 (projected)		 Major cities
Arizona Sun Corridor[40][41] 5.6 2% 7.8 39.3% Mesa, Phoenix, Tucson, Prescott
Cascadia 8.4 3% 8.8 5.0% Abbotsford, Boise, Eugene, Portland (OR), Salem, Seattle, Tacoma, Spokane, Tri-Cities, Vancouver (BC), Vancouver (WA), Victoria
Florida 17.3 6% 21.5 24.3% Fort Lauderdale, Jacksonville, Miami, Orlando, St. Petersburg, Tampa, Sarasota, Fort Myers
Front Range 5.5 2% 6.9 26% Albuquerque, Cheyenne, Colorado Springs, Denver, Pueblo, Rio Rancho, Santa Fe, Taos
Great Lakes 55.5 18% 60.7 9.4% Akron, Ann Arbor, Buffalo, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton, Des Moines, Detroit, Duluth, Erie, Flint, Fort Wayne, Green Bay, Grand Rapids, Hamilton, Indianapolis, Kalamazoo, Kansas City, Lansing, London, Madison, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, Omaha, Oshawa, Pittsburgh, Quad Cities, Rochester (NY), Rochester (MN), Rockford, Saginaw, St. Louis, Saint Paul, South Bend, Toledo, Toronto, Windsor
Gulf Coast 13.4 4% 16.3 21.6% Baton Rouge, Corpus Christi, Houston, Mobile, Gulfport, Biloxi, New Orleans, Pensacola
Northeast 52.3 17% 58.4 11.7% Allentown-Bethlehem, Atlantic City, Baltimore, Boston, Harrisburg, Hazleton, Nashua, Newark, New York, Norfolk, Ocean City, Philadelphia, Portland (ME), Pottsville, Providence, Richmond, Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, Knowledge Corridor (Springfield and Hartford), Trenton, Virginia Beach, Washington, Wilmington, Worcester
Northern California 14 5% 16.4 17.1% Fresno, Modesto, Oakland, Reno, Sacramento, San Francisco, San Jose, Stockton
Piedmont Atlantic 17.6 6% 21.7 23.3% Atlanta, Birmingham, Charlotte, Durham, Chapel Hill, Greensboro, Greenville, Huntsville, Chattanooga, Knoxville, Memphis, Montgomery, Nashville, Raleigh, Winston-Salem
Southern California 24.4 8% 29 18.9% Anaheim, Bakersfield, Las Vegas, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Tijuana
Texas Triangle 19.7 6% 24.8 25.9% Austin, Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, San Antonio

Oceania

Australia

Megalopolis Name Population
in millions		 Major cities
Sydney Region 5.6[42] Greater Sydney (including Central Coast and Blue Mountains) (4.75 million), Newcastle (365,000), Wollongong (294,000)
Greater Melbourne 4.4[42]
South East Queensland 3.5[42] Greater Brisbane (2.2 million), Gold Coast-Tweed Heads (681,000), Sunshine Coast (330,000), Toowoomba (149,000)

South America

Composite image of the Earth at night, created by NASA and NOAA. The brightest areas of the Earth are the most urbanized, but not necessarily the most populated. It is possible to see various metropolises close to each other in South America, but to the exception of a few central Argentine cities close to Buenos Aires, only in between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo there is a continual strip of urbanization (that is not as thin as the Argentine ones).

Brazil

Megalopolis Name Population
in
2013		 Major cities Other cities
Expanded Metropolitan Complex of São Paulo +32,200,000 São Paulo and Campinas Sorocaba, Jundiaí, São José dos Campos, Piracicaba and Santos

Colombia

The following megaregions in Colombia are expected to have nearly 93% (55 Million people) of its population by 2030, up from the current 72%. There are currently 4 major megaregions in Colombia.

Megalopolis Name Population in 2015 Population in 2030 (projected) Major cities
Bogota National Capital Metropolis 17,000,000 26,500,000 Bogotá, Soacha, Facatativá, Chía, Tunja, Fusagasuga, Zipaquirá, Madrid, Funza, Cajica, Ubate, Sibate, Guaduas, Villa de Leyva and Tocancipá
Pacific Belt 9,000,000 14,000,000 Medellin, Cali, Bello, Pereira, Colombia, Manizales, Armenia, Itagui, Yumbo, and Palmira
Northeast Atlantic Region 6,000,000 10,500,000 Barranquilla, Cartagena, Santa Marta, Ciénaga, Malambo, Baranoa and Turbaco
Santander Belt 3,000,000 5,200,000 Bucaramanga, Cúcuta, Ocaña, and Pamplona

Other sources[43] show that another megaregion may be considered:

Megalopolis Name Population in 2015 Population in 2030 (projected) Major cities
Golden Triangle 29,500,000 41,000,000 Bogotá, Soacha, Medellin, Cali, Bello, Manizales, Armenia

Venezuela

Megalopolis Name Population
in
2013		 Major cities Other cities
Caracas-Valencia Megalopolis +9,000,000 Caracas, Valencia, and Maracay Cagua, Maiquetia, and Guatire

Argentina

Satellite image of Greater Buenos Aires at night. Urban sprawl created a vast conurbation of 12,801,365 inhabitants including the City of Buenos Aires, a third of the total population of Argentina.
Megalopolis Name Population
in
2013		 Major cities Other cities
Greater Buenos Aires 13,641,973 Buenos Aires, Merlo, Buenos Aires, Quilmes, Banfield, Buenos Aires Lanús, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires , and Avellaneda

Peru

Megalopolis Name Population
in
2013		 Major cities Other cities
Lima-Callao Megalopolis 10,523,796 Lima and Callao Provincias Lima Norte, Provincias Lima Sur, and Provincias Lima Este

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Cities: Capital for the New Megalopolis.Time magazine, November 4, 1966. Retrieved on July 19, 2010.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Definition of the prefix megalo-. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
  12. ↑ http://www.mi.vt.edu/uploads/megacensusreport.pdf "Beyond Megalopolis" by the Metropolitan Institute at Virginia Tech
  13. ↑ http://www.surdna.org/usr_doc/The_Rise_of_the_Megapolitans.pdf
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ http://www.joburg.org.za/2006/aug/aug30_globalcity.stm
  16. ↑ http://www.joburg.org.za/2006/july/jul20_cityregion.stm
  17. ↑ M Shilowa to debate Gauteng's position on global city region, 29 Aug
  18. ↑ Cabinet Secretary names team to modernize Nairobi city transport 23 February 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  19. ↑ report: World's biggest cities merging into 'mega-regions'
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ A government publication states that on 1 November 2010, the population of "Seoul Metropolitan Area" stood at 23,616 thousand, which is the sum of the figures given for Gyeonggi-do (11,270 thousand), Seoul (9,708 thousand) and Incheon (2,638 thousand), apparently including the periphery.
    Source: "Preliminary Results of the 2010 Population and Housing Census" (PDF). Statistics Korea. 21 January 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Turkish Statistical Institute - Address Based Population Record System
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ 29.00 29.01 29.02 29.03 29.04 29.05 29.06 29.07 29.08 29.09 29.10 29.11 29.12 29.13 29.14 29.15 29.16 29.17 29.18 29.19 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ [1]
  31. ↑ STRING Factsheet
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ EMR
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 38.5 ESPON
  39. ↑ Regional Plan Association (2008). America 2050: An Infrastructure Vision for 21st Century America. New York: Regional Plan Association.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Ordóñez Burbano, Luis A. (2007). Universidad del Valle 60 años 1945-2005: Atando cabos en clave de memoria. Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia: Universidad del Valle. p. 58. OCLC 645219600
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