Methyl violet

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Methyl violet 2B
Methyl violet 2B
Names
IUPAC name
Methyl violet 2B
Other names
Gentian Violet B,

Methylrosanilinium chloride,
Hexamethylparosanilinium chloride,
Basic Violet 3,

Crystal Violet
Identifiers
8004-87-3 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL64894 YesY
ChemSpider 170606 N
Jmol 3D model Interactive image
PubChem 196986
  • InChI=1S/C24H27N3.ClH/c1-25-21-12-6-18(7-13-21)24(19-8-14-22(15-9-19)26(2)3)20-10-16-23(17-11-20)27(4)5;/h6-17H,1-5H3;1H N
    Key: JFTBTTPUYRGXDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N
  • CN=C1C=CC(=C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)N(C)C)C3=CC=C(C=C3)N(C)C)C=C1.Cl
Properties
C24H28N3Cl
Appearance Green to dark-green powder[1]
Melting point 137 °C (279 °F; 410 K) decomposes[1]
Soluble in water, ethanol, insoluble in xylene[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Methyl violet is a family of organic compounds that are mainly used as dyes. Depending on the number of attached methyl groups, the color of the dye can be altered. Its main use is as a purple dye for textiles and to give deep violet colors in paint and ink. Methyl violet 10B is also known as crystal violet (and many other names) and has medical uses.[2]

Structure

The term methyl violet encompasses three compounds that differ in the number of methyl groups attached to the amine functional group. They are all soluble in water, ethanol, diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol.

Name Methyl Violet 6B Methyl violet 2B Methyl violet 10B (Crystal violet)
Structure
Methyl Violet 2B.png
Methyl Violet 6B.png
Methyl violet 10B
Formula C23H26N3Cl C24H28N3Cl C25H30N3Cl
CAS no 8004-87-3 548-62-9
C.I. 42535 42555
ChemSpider ID 21164086 170606 10588
PubChem ID 196986 11057
Formula C23H26N3 C24H28N3 C25H30N3
ChemSpider ID 2006225 3349, 9080056, 10354393
PubChem ID 2724053 3468

Methyl violet 2B

Methyl violet 2B (IUPAC name:N-(4-(bis(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)methylene)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methanaminium chloride) is a green powder which is soluble in water in ethanol and water, but not in xylene. It appears yellow in solution of low pH (~0.15) and changes to violet with pH increasing toward 3.2.[1]

Methyl violet 10B

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Main article: Crystal violet

Methyl violet 10B has six methyl groups. It is known in medicine as Gentian violet (or crystal violet or pyoctanin(e)[2]) and is the active ingredient in a Gram stain, used to classify bacteria. It is used as a pH indicator, with a range between 0 and 1.6. The protonated form (found in acidic conditions) is yellow, turning blue-violet above pH levels of 1.6.[3] Gentian violet destroys cells and can be used as a disinfectant.[4] Compounds related to methyl violet are potential carcinogens.

Methyl violet 10B also inhibits the growth of many Gram positive bacteria, except streptococci. When used in conjunction with nalidixic acid (which destroys gram-negative bacteria), it can be used to isolate the streptococci bacteria for the diagnosis of an infection.

Degradation

Methyl violet is a mutagen and mitotic poison, therefore concerns exist regarding the ecological impact of the release of methyl violet into the environment. Methyl violet has been used in vast quantities for textile and paper dyeing, and 15% of such dyes produced worldwide are released to environment in wastewater. Numerous methods have been developed to treat methyl violet pollution. The three most prominent are chemical bleaching, biodegradation, and photodegradation.

Chemical bleaching

Chemical bleaching is achieved by oxidation or reduction. Oxidation can destroy the dye completely, e.g. through the use of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO, common bleach) or hydrogen peroxide.[5][6] Reduction of methyl violet occurs in microorganisms but can be attained chemically using sodium dithionite.

Biodegradation

Biodegradation has been well investigated because of its relevance to sewage plants with specialized microorganisms. Two microorganisms that have been studied in depth are the white rot fungus and the bacterium Nocardia Corallina.[7][8]

Photodegradation

Light alone does not rapidly degrade methyl violet,[9] but the process is accelerated upon the addition of large band-gap semiconductors, TiO2 or ZnO.[10][11]

Other methods

Many other methods have been developed to treat the contamination of dyes in a solution, including electrochemical degradation,[12] ion exchange,[13] laser degradation, and absorption onto various solids such as activated charcoal.

See also

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References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Kristallviolett – ein pH-Indikator Archived June 9, 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ↑ WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines, March 2007
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ XP-Chloro Degradation Malachite green U.S. Patent 2,755,202
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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