Minor Occultation

In Shiite literature The Minor Occultation (Arabic: غيبة الصغری‎‎) (874–941 CE) refers to early years of Imamate of Muhammad al-Mahdi who disappeared and would only contact his followers through the Four Deputies. This occultation is also called as the First Occultation (Arabic: غيبةالاولی‎‎).

Background

During the seven years of Hasan al-Askari's Imamate, he lived in taqiyah for the Abbasid Caliphs were afraid of Shia who had reached a considerable population at the time. Besides, the Caliphs came to know that the leaders among the Shia believed that the eleventh Imam, according to numerous traditions cited by him and his forefathers, would have a son who was the promised Mahdi. So the caliphs of the time had decided definitely to put an end to the Imamate in Shiism once and for all.

In such circumstances, Al-Mahdi gained the Imamate after the death of Hasan al-Askari in 874. In some narrations are mentioned that Muhammad Al-Mahdi prayed Salat al-Janazah on his corpse and then he went into Minor Occultation from the authorities of the `Abbasid caliphate as a precaution.

Relationship with Shiites

During the Minor Occultation Al-Mahdi connected with Shiites by his Four Deputies. When believers faced difficulty, they would write their concerns and send them to his deputy. The deputy would receive the decision of the Imam, endorse it with his seal and signature, and return it to the concerned parties. The deputies also collected zakat and khums on his behalf. For the Shia, the idea of consulting a hidden Imam was not something new, because the two prior Shia Imams had, on occasion, met with their followers from behind a curtain.

Four Deputies

• Uthman ibn Sa’id al-Asadi († 873–874): He was the first deputy appointed by 12th Imam who governed for one year;
• Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Uthman († 874–916): He was the second deputy appointed by 12th Imam for forty two years;
• Abul Qasim Husayn ibn Ruh al-Nawbakhti († 916–937): He was the third deputy appointed by Al-Mahdi for twenty one years;
• Abul Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Samarri († 937–940): He was the last deputy of 12th Imam for three years. Unlike his predecessors he had no appointed successor, and the Major Occultation began after his death. Six days before his death, he received a letter from the twelfth and last Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, in which he was notified that there would be no deputy after him. A translation of the letter is as follows:

In the name of Allah, the Compassionate the Merciful

O Ali Ibn Muhammad Samari! May Allah increase the reward of your brothers concerning you (i.e. your demise)! Death will come to you within the next six days. So complete your works and do not nominate any person after you. The sequence of special deputies will come to an end and the Major Occultation will commence with your demise.

Now the reappearance will occur only with the permission of Allah, after a prolonged period and after the hearts of people are hardened. And such a period will emerge on my Shias when people will claim that they have seen me. Whoever makes such a claim before the advent of Sufyani and the heavenly voice, is a liar, an impostor. There is no strength and power same that of Allah, the High, the Great.

Following his death in 941, the Major Occultation began. Although during the lesser or Minor occultation the network of Imam deputies (wokala) claimed to have the right to handle Shia communities' issues, this system was not continued during the Greater or Major Occultation.

See also

• End time
• Islamic eschatology
• The Fourteen Infallibles
• Du'a Nudba
• Raj`a
• Muhammad al-Mahdi
• The Occultation