Mother of Pearl and Silver: The Andalusian

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Mother of Pearl and Silver: The Andalusian
Mother of Pearl and Silver The Andalusian.jpg
Artist James McNeill Whistler
Year 1888?–1900
Type Oil on canvas
Dimensions 191.5 cm × 89.8 cm (75.4 in × 35.4 in)
Location National Gallery of Art[1], Washington, D.C.

Mother of Pearl and Silver: The Andalusian[2][3] is a painting by James McNeill Whistler. The work shows a woman in full figure standing with her back to the viewer, with her head in profile. The model is Ethel Whibley, (née Birnie Philip) the artist's secretary and sister-in-law.

The colour scheme of the painting is black, mother of pearl and silver. The title refers to Ethel’s grey silk evening dress, which is a Parisian dress in a belle époque style, with the transparent layered sleeves of the black bolero jacket resembling a traditional Andalusian costume.[4]

Artist and model

James McNeill Whistler was born in the United States in 1834, the son of George Washington Whistler, a railway engineer.[5] In 1843, his father relocated the family to Saint Petersburg, Russia, where James received training in painting.[6] After a stay in England, he returned to America to attend the US Military Academy at West Point in 1851.[7] In 1855, he made his way back to Europe, determined to dedicate himself to painting. He settled in Paris at first, but in 1859 moved to London, where he would spend most of the remainder of his life.[8] Although he returned to Paris from 1892 to 1901 and resided at n° 110 Rue du Bac, Paris, with his studio at the top of 86 Rue Notre Dame des Champs.[9]

Ethel Birnie Philip was born at Chelsea, London on 29 September 1861. Ethel was the daughter of the sculptor John Birnie Philip[10] and Frances Black. Her sister Beatrice (also called 'Beatrix' or "Trixie') married James McNeill Whistler in 1888. Ethel worked for a time in 1893-4 as secretary to Whistler. Ethel married Charles Whibley in 1896 in the garden of the house occupied by Whistler at n° 110 rue du Bac, Paris.[11] Her sister Rosalind Birnie Philip subsequently acted as secretary to Whistler and was appointed Whistler's executrix at his death.[12]

Whistler painted a number of full-length portraits of Ethel, including Mother of Pearl and Silver: The Andalusian[13] and the watercolour Rose and Silver: Portrait of Mrs Whibley;[14] and other sketches and etchings of her titled as Miss Ethel Philip or Mrs Whibley.[15][16][17]

Creation

Whistler commenced work on The Andalusian in London in 1888, the year Whistler married Beatrix, with the painting being completed in Paris in 1900.

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Catalogue Number: YMSM 378
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Ronald Anderson and Anne Koval, James McNeill Whistler: Beyond the Myth, Carroll & Graf, New York (1994), pp. 3–6.
  6. ↑ Weintraub, Whistler: A biography, Collins (1974), pp. 6–9.
  7. ↑ Anderson & Koval (1994), pp. 26–31.
  8. ↑ MacDonald (1999).
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Biography of John Birnie Philip, (1824–1875)
  11. ↑ wedding photo credited to E. Vallois held by Library of the University of Glasgow, Special Collections, GB 0247 Whistler PH1/165
  12. ↑ Biography of Rosalind Birnie Philip, (1873–1958) University of Glasgow, Special Collections
  13. ↑ (1888–1900) held by National Gallery of Art, Washington, Harris Whittemore Collection
  14. ↑ Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, DC., Catalogue Number: M.1415
  15. ↑ Biography of Ethel Whibley (1861–1920) University of Glasgow, Special Collections
  16. ↑ Glasgow University Library, The Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Sources

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External links

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