Mustafa Badreddine

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Mustafa Badreddine
مصطفى بدر الدين
Born (1961-04-06)6 April 1961
Al Ghobeiry, Lebanon
Died Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.
Damascus, Syria
Nationality Lebanese
Years active 1980s – 2016
Political party InfoboxHez.PNG Hezbollah
Parent(s) Amine Badreddine and Fatima Jezeini

Mustafa Badreddine (Arabic: مصطفى بدر الدين‎‎‎; 6 April 1961 – c. 13 May 2016), also known as Mustafa Badr Al Din, Mustafa Amine Badreddine, Mustafa Youssef Badreddine, Sami Issa and Elias Fouad Saab,[1] was a military leader of Hezbollah and both the cousin and brother-in-law of Imad Mugniyah.[2][3][4] He was nicknamed Dhu al-Fiqar referring to the legendary sword of Imam Ali.[5] Badreddine was killed by shelling at Damascus airport and Hezbollah announced the attack was launched by Takfiri groups.[6] His death is seen as one of the biggest blows in the Hezbollah leadership.[7]


Early life

Badreddine was born on 6 April 1961 in Al Ghobeiry, municipality in the Baabda District.[4][5][8] His parents are Amine Badreddine and Fatima Jezeini, who originate from South Lebanon.[1]

Hezbollah

Until 1982, Badreddine, like Mugniyeh, was part of Fatah's Force 17.[9] Later they both joined Hezbollah.[9] Badreddine was among Hezbollah's bomb makers.[10]

Badreddine was a member of the Shura council for Hezbollah[11] and the head of the unit for overseas operations, Hezbollah's external operations branch.[4][9][12] His aide in this post was Abdul Hadi Hammade, who previously commanded Hezbollah's secret Position 71.[13] Prior to his appointment to this post in 2009, replacing Imad Mughniyah,[14][15] Badreddine served as the commander of Hezbollah's military arm[16] and an advisor to Hezbollah's Secretary General Hassan Nasrallah.[13] Badreddine's appointment as the head of overseas operation was not supported by deputy general secretary of Hezbollah, Naim Qassem.[17] He was also Nasrallah's chief of intelligence.[18]

Following the beginning of the Syrian Civil War in 2011 Badreddine went to Syria as one of the Hezbollah commanders to defend the government of Bashar Assad.[8] He was fighting with opposition groups in Aleppo's countryside.[19]

Alleged activities

1983 Kuwait bombings

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Main article: 1983 Kuwait bombings

Badreddine entered Kuwait in 1983 on a fake Lebanese passport under the name of Elias Saab,[20] or Elias Al Saab.[21] He was a member of the militant group Dawa 17[22] or Al Dawa.[23] He was arrested in Kuwait together with 17 suspects one month after seven blasts in the country in a single day on 13 December 1983, including the truck bombings of the US and French embassies in Kuwait City.[21][24] The attacks left nearly five people dead and 86 injured.[25] However, it is also argued that the use of the group's name in these events was a deception to hide the real groups that perpetrated these attacks.[26] In 1985, Badreddine allegedly ordered the assassination of Kuwait emir, but the attempt failed.[27]

As a result of the 16-week trials,[24] he was sentenced to death for masterminding the attacks.[20][28][29][30] Since his leg had been amputated, he was with a wooden leg in the jail.[21] In the court, Badreddine told the prosecutor that he did not recognize the sovereignty of Kuwait.[21]

In order to force the authorities to release Badreddine and others, Hezbollah members headed by Imad Mugniyed kidnapped at least four Western citizens in Lebanon.[31][32] Mugniyeh also hijacked a Kuwait Airways Corporation (KAC) plane in Bangkok in 1988, demanding the release of him and other detainees.[21][33]

Badreddine escaped from the prison in 1990 during the invasion of Kuwait[11][34] or the Iraqis released the imprisoned Badreddine and the others.[24]

Naharnet argues that after that event Badreddine managed to flee to Iran.[4] Later, the Iran's Revolutionary Guard returned him to Beirut.[4] Ya Libnan reported that he had been behind the bombing of the US Marine Corps barracks in Lebanon in 1983, killing 241 marines.[35]

Hariri assassination

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Main article: Assassination of Rafic Hariri

In June 2011 Badreddine and other three people were indicted for charges related to the assassination of former Lebanon prime minister Rafiq Hariri by the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL).[1][36][37] The indictment was unsealed on 29 July 2011.[38]

Badreddine was specifically accused of planning and supervising the assassination by the tribunal.[39] In addition, he was described by the STL as the main organizator of the operation.[40] Accusations about him and other three Hezbollah members were based on mobile phone evidence.[41] Hasan Nasrallah threatened the tribunal upon its declaration.[18] Since then, Badreddine and the others have disappeared and allegedly fled to Iran.[18] On 1 February 2012, the Special Tribune for Lebanon decided to try him in absentia.[1] The trial would begin in March 2013, but it was postponed and no date was specified.[42] It began in January 2014.[43]

Designation

Badreddine and Talal Hamiyah were put to the list of Specially Designated Global Terrorists by the US Treasury Department on 13 September 2012 due to his alleged role as top military commander, replacing Mugniyah who died in 2008.[2][44] The basis for their designation was E.O. 13224 for providing support to Hezbollah’s terrorist activities in the Middle East and around the world.[45]

Death

On 13 May 2016, it was reported that Badreddine had been killed by an explosion near the Damascus International Airport, the cause and timing of which is unclear.[19][46][47][48][49] At the funeral, Hassan Nasrallah, leader of Hezbollah, said: "they would soon announce conclusions about the perpetrators".[50] His corpse was taken to Ghobeiry, Beirut, where it was buried in Rawdat Shahidayn cemetery on 13 May.[19][46]

Al Manar TV announced Badreddin's death and mentioned that he was the target in a huge blast near the airport and that other Hezbollah fighters were wounded. The station stated that the Hezbollah did not immediately point a finger at Israel and they will investigate whether the blast was from an airstrike, rocket attack or other cause.[50]

Then Hezbollah stated in what many consider an unconvincing communiqué[51][52][53][54] that an attack was launched by "Takfiri groups" and said: "Investigations have showed that the explosion, which targeted one of our bases near Damascus International Airport, and which led to the martyrdom of commander Mustafa Badreddine, was the result of artillery bombardment" carried out by Takfiri groups."[6][55] This claim is disputed by the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, who pointed out that no artillery fire had been heard in the area in the past three days and announced that “There is no truth about what have been published by Hezbollah about the assassination of its military commander in Syria ‘Mustafa Bader’ by rebel shells near the international airport of Damascus,” furthermore it has been noted that the killing of Badreddine has not been claimed by any of the various jihadist and rebel groups in and around Damascus[56][57] and it is felt extremely unlikely that the Syrian rebels would have had the information and weaponry as the Middle East Eye reported that “the nearest opposition artillery positions… were 20 kilometres away, and there are doubts that their shells could achieve pinpoint accuracy from that distance.”[7] to carry out what seems to be a surgical strike as he was killed in a room and “nobody else was hurt. The conclusion: somebody followed him and knew exactly when he would arrive and when he would be in the room.”[52][58] If it was artillery as claimed, it shows that the security breach could only have come from Hezbollah.[52][54]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ Hezbollah Commander Mustafa Badreddine Killed in Syria Time Magazine. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 Nazir Majli. (16 May 2016).Israeli Intelligence Leaks Refute Hezbollah Claims on Badreddine’s Assassination Asharq Al Awsat. Retrieved 27 May 2016
  53. ↑ Badreddine hit sparks fear among Lebanon’s Shiites Now Lebanon.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Mohamed Chebarro. (16 May 2016). Iran Russia Hezbollah Israel settling scores in Syria Pakistan Observer. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  55. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. ↑ Bill Roggio. (14 May 2016) Syrian rebels deny Hezbollah’s military commander killed in ‘artillery shelling’ The Long War Journal. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  57. ↑ Hezbollah says Sunni extremists killed military chief in Syria The Japan Times. 14 May 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  58. ↑ What the killing of Badreddine means for Hezbollah and the future of the ME Ya Lebonon. 16 May 2016.

External links

Mustafa Badreddine's photos

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