Myalgia

Myalgia
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Rheumatology
ICD-10	M79.1
ICD-9-CM	729.1
DiseasesDB	22895
MedlinePlus	003178
Patient UK	Myalgia
MeSH	D063806

Myalgia, or muscle pain, is a symptom of many diseases and disorders. The most common causes are the overuse or over-stretching of a muscle or group of muscles. Myalgia without a traumatic history is often due to viral infections. Longer-term myalgias may be indicative of a metabolic myopathy, some nutritional deficiencies or chronic fatigue syndrome.

Causes

The most common causes of myalgia are overuse, injury or strain. However, myalgia can also be caused by diseases, disorders, medications, or as a response to a vaccination. It is also a sign of acute rejection after heart transplant surgery.

The most common causes are:

• Injury or trauma, including sprains, hematoma
• Overuse: using a muscle too much, too often, including protecting a separate injury
• Chronic tension

Muscle pain occurs with:

• Rhabdomyolysis, associated with:
  • Viral
  • Compression injury
  • Drug-related, esp fibrates and statins, occ ACE inhibitors, cocaine, some retro-viral drugs
  • Severe potassium deficiency
• Fibromyalgia
• Infections, including:
  • Influenza (the flu)
  • Lyme disease
  • Babesiosis
  • Malaria
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Dengue Fever
  • Hemorrhagic fever
  • Muscle abscess
  • Polio
  • Rocky Mountain spotted fever
  • Trichinosis (roundworm)
  • Ebola
• Auto-immune disorders, including:
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica
  • Polymyositis
  • Dermatomyositis
  • Multiple Sclerosis (this is neurologic pain localised to myotome)
  • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Reaction to Statin drugs
• Other
  • Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS)

Overuse

Overuse of a muscle is using it too much, too soon and/or too often. Examples are:

• Repetitive strain injury.

Injury

The most common causes of myalgia by injury are: sprains and strains.

Autoimmune

Multiple sclerosis (neurologic pain interpreted as muscular), Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Myositis, Lupus erythematosus, Familial Mediterranean fever, Polyarteritis nodosa, Devic's disease, Morphea, Sarcoidosis

Metabolic defect

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, Conn's syndrome, Adrenal insufficiency, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS).

Other

Chronic fatigue syndrome aka Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Channelopathy, Ehlers Danlos Syndrome, Stickler Syndrome, Hypokalemia, Hypotonia (Low Muscle Tone), Exercise intolerance, Mastocytosis, Peripheral neuropathy, Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, Fibromyalgia, Barcoo Fever, Herpes, Hemochromatosis aka Iron Overload Disorder, Delayed onset muscle soreness, AIDS, HIV, Tumor-induced osteomalacia, Hypovitaminosis D

Withdrawal syndrome from certain drugs

Sudden cessation of high-dose corticosteroids, opioids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, caffeine or alcohol can induce myalgia in many respects.

See also

• Delayed onset muscle soreness
• Myopathy
• Myelitis
• Arthralgia

External links

• NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE CENTER Washington University a more comprehensive list