Northeast Coast Campaign (1747)
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The Northeast Coast Campaign (1747) was conducted by the Wabanaki Confederacy of Acadia against the New England settlements along the coast of present-day Maine below the Kennebec River, the former border of Acadia. during King George's War from July until September 1747. They attacked English settlements on the coast of present-day Maine between Berwick and St. Georges (Thomaston, Maine), within two months there were 11 raids - every town on the frontier had been attacked.[1] Casco (also known as Falmouth and Portland) was the principal settlement.
Background
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After the two attacks on Annapolis Royal in 1744, Governor William Shirley put a bounty on the Passamaquoddy, Mi’kmaq and Maliseet on Oct 20.[2] The following year, during the Campaign, on August 23, 1745, Shirley declared war against the rest of the Wabanaki Confederacy – the Penobscot and Kennebec tribes.[1] In response to the New England expedition against Louisbourg which finished in June 1745, the Wabanaki retaliated by attacking the New England border.[3] New England braced itself for such an attack by appointing a provisional force of 450 to defend the frontier. After the attacks began they increased the number of soldiers by 175 men.[3] Massachusetts established forts along the border with Acadia: Fort George at Brunswick (1715),[4] St. George's Fort at Thomaston (1720), and Fort Richmond (1721) at Richmond.[5] Fort Frederick was established at Pemaquid (Bristol, Maine).
After the Northeast Coast Campaign (1745) and 1746), the 1747 followed.
The campaign
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Wabanaki Confederacy began their first raid on April 13 at Scarborough, killing two and taking four prisoners.[6]
A militia of 50 natives raided Falmouth on April 21, killing cattle and attacking Mr. Frost’s family, taking captive his wife and six children.[6] Despite sending 26 men after then under Captain IIsley, they were unable to catch the native and their prsoners.[6]
Capt. Jordan’s company of 30 was posted from Falmouth to Topsham, leaving the town defenseless. The natives killed two women and a man. Crossing the Androscoggin in canoe, natives killed two men and wounded the third, one woman escaped.[7]
On 26 May, 100 natives attacked Fort Frederick at Pemaquid.[7] The killed five soldiers, five recruits and the other inhabitants were taken prisoner.
At Damariscotta, natives took one prisoner, killing his wife and child.[7]
At Wiscasset, the natives again seized Capt. Jonathan Williamson.[7]
At Fort Frederick in early September a company of 60 natives attacked. Killing five guards and then attacked for two hours and then withdrew.[8][9] At Fort Georges, naties tried, unsuccessfully, to dig a tunnel into the fort.[9]
Aftermath
Natives took Frances Noble captive close to Fort Richmond in 1748. Frances Noble wrote her captivity narrative.[10][11]
Natives also killed a number of British at Fort St. Georges in the fall of 1748.[12]
See also
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Williamson, p. 240
- ↑ Williamson, p. 217-218
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Williamson, p. 239
- ↑ Fort George replaced Fort Andros which was built during King William's War (1688).
- ↑ The history of the state of Maine: from its first discovery, A.D ..., Volume 2, by William Durkee Williamson. 1832. p.88, 97.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Williamson, p. 251
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Williamson, p. 252
- ↑ p. 127
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Williamson, p. 254
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- ↑ https://archive.org/stream/acg3054.0002.010.umich.edu#page/199/mode/1up
- ↑ p. 160, 163, 164, 172, 174
References
- "History of York County, Maine. With illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers"
- Correspondence of William Shirley
- History of Saco and Biddeford: with notices of other early settlements, and ... By George Folsom
- The history of Portland, from 1632 to 1864: with a notice of previous By William Willis book
- William Durkee Williamson. The history of the state of Maine: from its first discovery, A. D ..., Volume 2
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