Fuscospora fusca
| Fuscospora fusca | |
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F. fusca
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| Binomial name | |
| Fuscospora fusca (Hook.f.) Heenan & Smissen
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Fuscospora fusca, commonly known as red beech (Māori: tawhai raunui) is a species of southern beech, endemic to New Zealand, where it occurs on both the North Island and South Island. Generally it is found on lower hills and inland valley floors where soil is fertile and well drained.[1] It was known as Nothofagus fusca prior to 2013.[2]
It is a medium-sized evergreen tree growing to 35 m tall. The leaves are alternately arranged, broad ovoid, 2 to 4 cm long and 1.5 to 3 cm broad, the margin distinctively double-toothed with each lobe bearing two teeth. The fruit is a small cupule containing three seeds.
Pollen from the tree was found near the Antarctic Peninsula showing that it formerly grew in Antarctica since the Eocene period.[3]
Red beech is not currently considered threatened. [4]
Contents
Uses
Red beech is the only known plant source, apart from rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), of the C-linked dihydrochalcone glycoside nothofagin.[5][6]
It is also grown as an ornamental tree in regions with a mild oceanic climate due to its attractive leaf shape. It has been planted in Scotland[7] and the North Coast of the Pacific of the United States.[8] The red beech's wood is the most durable of all the New Zealand beeches[9] it was often used in flooring in many parts of New Zealand.[citation needed] The timber is exceptionally stable when dried to appropriate moisture values.[citation needed] The average density of red beech at 12 percent moisture content is 630 kilograms per cubic metre.[10]
Hybrids
- Red beech hybridises with mountain beech (Fuscospora cliffortioides) to form the hybrid species Fuscospora ×blairii.[2]
- Red beech hybridises with black beech (Fuscospora solandri) to form the hybrid species Fuscospora ×dubia.[2]
- Red beech hybridises with the ruil tree (Fuscospora alessandri) from Chile to form the hybrid species Fuscospora ×eugenananus.[2]
References
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External links
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