A-Group Culture
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The A-Group Culture was an ancient civilization that arose between the First and Second Cataracts of the Nile in Nubia. It lasted from c. 3800 BC to c. 2800 BC, around the time of the 2nd Dynasty of Egypt.
Overview
The A-Group settled on arid land with scarce natural resources, yet they became the first peoples in ancient Nubia to develop agriculture. This culture was one of the two important "kingdoms" in Lower Nubia. Artifacts from this culture were first discovered in 1907 by Egyptologist George A. Reisner.
A-Group royal tombs were found to be two centuries older than those of the Egyptians. However, further research has demonstrated that this is no longer the case:
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The earliest known examples of Egyptian royal iconography, such as, e.g., the representation of the Red Crown on a late Naqada I (c. 3500 BC) pottery vessel from Abydos or the triumphal scenes in the painting from Hierakonpolis Tomb 100 (c. 3400-3300 BC) are much older than the Qustul censer. It seems thus that it was the Qustul rulers who adopted symbols of royal authority developed in Egypt and not vice versa."[1]
The A-Group had strong beliefs in the afterlife. A great deal of time was put into their cemeteries and funerals. The dead were placed in burial mounds with their bodies facing the West. Grave goods such as jewelry, pottery, stone bowls, linen cloth, copper tools, and cosmetic palettes were found on or near bodies.
References
- ↑ Török, László. Between Two Worlds : The Frontier Region Between Ancient Nubia and Egypt, 3700 BC-AD 500. In Probleme Der Ägyptologie. Leiden: Brill. 2009. ISBN 9789004171978
External links
- Early States and the A-Group 'Proto-Kingdom'
- Regional variations in the so-called “A-Group” Culture of Lower Nubia
- Hans-Åke Nordström: The Nubian A-Group
- Maria Gatto: Hunting for the Exclusive Nubian A-Group People; Renée Friedman: Setting the Scene
- Nubian Cultures: A and C-Group
- Early Burials: A-Group and C-Group
- The Exhibit of Nubian Antiquities
- Nancy C. Lovell: Nubian A- and C-Groups
- Maria Carmela Gatto: The Nubian A-group: a reassessment
