Officer (The Salvation Army)

An officer in The Salvation Army is a Salvationist who is an ordained minister of the Christian faith, but who fulfills many other roles not usually filled by clergy of other denominations. They do so having been trained, ordained and commissioned to serve and lead and given a quasi-military rank.

Candidacy and training

When applying to become a Salvation Army officer, strict acceptance guidelines must be adhered to before training can commence. Each territory will have similar conditions that applicants must fulfill prior to entry and include the following, they must:

• Believe they are called by God to full-time ministry, specifically officership.
• Be active soldiers in their local Salvation Army corps.
• Receive a recommendation from the commanding officer of that corps.
• Be endorsed by the Divisional Candidates' Board.
• Receive satisfactory references from their families, friends, and peers.
• Attend an assessment conference weekend which includes a number of in-depth interviews with various assessors.
• Be accepted for training by the Territorial Candidates' Board, and territorial commander.

While attending a college for officer training, the training participants are referred to as "cadets". The length of training is normally twenty-two months, but a special dispensation may allow cadets to be commissioned after a shorter period, based on prior experience or training. Once this training is complete, the cadets are commissioned.

Officer training centres are located around the world.

Australia

• Booth College (Sydney, NSW)
• Catherine Booth College (Melbourne, VIC)

Canada

• College for Officer Training (Winnipeg, MB)

United States of America

• College for Officer Training (Chicago, IL)
• College for Officer Training (Suffern, NY)
• Evangeline Booth College (Atlanta, GA)

United Kingdom

• William Booth College (London, UK)

Commissioning and posting

Commissioning sees the cadets promoted to the rank of lieutenant and formalizes the cadets' first posting (commonly referred to as "marching orders"). These orders can send the new lieutenants anywhere in the territory, and sometimes even see them posted to other territories that could involve overseas service.

Officers have the opportunity to serve within the Salvation Army in many different capacities, and may be posted at a corps, divisional or territorial headquarters, the training college, supplies & purchasing, a recovery and rehabilitation centre, as a chaplain in courts, prisons and hospitals), a street level outreach centre, a new corps (known as an "outpost" or "plant"), or any number of other need specific ministries.

In years past, officers were given "farewell orders" every two to five years when they were reassigned to different posts. Appointments of at least five years are now commonplace.

The rank structure and uniform

Officers hold ranks throughout their service and into retirement, and their rank is reflected in their uniform. The uniform of an officer is much like that of a soldier and, like a soldier's, is defined by the region in which the person is serving. The consistent difference between the two uniforms is that the officer's uniform has red epaulettes, while a soldier's epaulettes are black or blue. Officers' epaulettes feature the Salvation "S" in silver, as well as another insignia to designate rank. These insignias may be sewn into the epaulette, or be separate metal pins attached to the epaulettes.

Rank	Date adopted	Current status	Description	Insignia / epaulettes
General	1878	Active	The worldwide leader of The Salvation Army, elected by the most senior Salvation Army officers in the world	Crest with laurel leaves above bar, all in gold, on velvet epaulettes
Commissioner	1880	Active	The Chief of the Staff of The Salvation Army, the leader of a territory, or international secretaries are also usually given the rank	Crest with laurel leaves above bar with another bar above the "S", on velvet epaulettes
Colonel	1880	Active	Reserved for territorial and international leaders	Crest above bar with another bar above the "S"
Lieutenant-colonel		Active		Crest above bar
Major	1879	Active	After 15 years of service, the officer is promoted to major	Crest
Captain	1877	Active	After five years of service, the officer is promoted to captain	Two stars
Lieutenant	1879	Discontinued (2001) reinstated (2008)	Following successful term at college for officer training, the cadet is commissioned with the rank of lieutenant	One star
Cadet	1880	Active	A Salvation Army soldier who is undertaking training to become an officer at a Salvation Army college for officer training	One (first year) or two (second year) red bars (on blue epaulettes / UK - on black epaulettes)
Envoy		Active	A non-commissioned officer who works for the Salvation Army in a ministry position
Sergeant		Active	A non-commissioned officer who works for the Salvation Army in a ministry position in the USA Southern territory	Three white chevrons
Candidate	Active		A person undergoing assessment for Salvation Army officership or envoyship	Candidate's pin worn on the left side of the tunic above the heart

Amendments to envoy and lieutenant rank

After a lengthy discussion with other Salvation Army leaders, General Shaw Clifton announced in November 2007 that the rank of lieutenant would be reinstated on March 1, 2008. All cadets are now commissioned as lieutenants for a period of five years. The rank of cadet-lieutenant was discontinued on the same date, but was reinstated in the USA Southern territory in June 2014.

All officers serving as lieutenants in the UK Territory now receive the rank of territorial envoy (as opposed to divisional envoy). Territorial envoys are soldiers who wish to work as non-commissioned officers for a limited time, usually three years. This replaced the rank of envoy and auxiliary-captain. Other territories have made other ranks to reflect this status such as feldsergeant in Germany; sergeant-major' in the Ukraine; envoy in Russia and corpsenvoy in the Netherlands. In US Central they are simply envoys and in the US Southern territory they are sergeants.

See also

• Generals of The Salvation Army
• Chief of the Staff of The Salvation Army
• High Council of The Salvation Army
• Soldier of The Salvation Army