Oil Campaign targets of World War II

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For details regarding Ersatz oil facilities of Nazi Germany, see Synthetic fuel § History.

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Main article: Oil Campaign of World War II

Allied bombing of the Oil Campaign targets of World War II included attacks on Nazi Germany oil refineries, synthetic oil plants, storage depots, and other chemical works. Natural oil was available in Northwestern Germany at Nienhagen[1] (55%—300,000 tons per year),[2] Rietberg (20%—300,000), and Heide (300,000) and refineries were mainly at Hamburg and Hannover. Refineries in France, Holland, and Italy (54)—mainly coastal plants for ocean-shipped crude—were within Allied bombing range and generally unused by Germany[3] (Italian refining ceased in August 1943).[4] Even before the war, Germany was dependent on foreign sources for an adequate supply of oil. The annexations of Austria and the Sudetenland (and the breakup of Czechoslovakia); the "campaigns in Norway, Holland, Belgium, and France…and imports from the Soviet Union provided significant wartime POL imports to Nazi Germany.[5] Firms that operated oil facilities included Deutsche Erdöl-Aktiengesellschaft, Brabag (e.g., Böhlen, Magdeburg/Rothensee, Zeitz),[6] Fanto (Pardubice, Budapest),[3] and I.G. Farbenindustrie (Blechhammer, Ludwigshafen/Oppau,[6] Oświęcim).

This table is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Type Germany (Ruhr
& Vienna areas)		 Germany (other) Foreign
Bergius
plants		 Bottrop-Welheim

Castrop-Rauxel
Duisburg
Gelsenkirchen (Nordstern)
Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/Buer)
Homberg
Kamen[clarification needed]
Sterkrade/Holten[7]
Wanne-Eickel

 Blechhammer

Essener Verein[3]
Leuna - most heavily defended oil target in Nazi Germany
Ludwigshafen
Lützkendorf-Mücheln[2]
Wesseling

 Poland (Oświęcim)
Fischer-
Tropsch
plants		 Dortmund[clarification needed]

Kamen-Dortmund
Odertal
Ruhland-Schwarzheide[5]

 Lützkendorf-Mücheln[2]

Essener Verein[3]

 France (Harnes)
Refineries Austria (Korneuburg)

Vienna (Floridsdorf)
Vienna (Lobau)
Vienna (Moosbierbaum)
Vienna (Schwechat)
Vienna (Vösendorf)

 Bremen

Chemnitz
Cottbus
Dortmund
Düsseldorf
Emmerich
Hamburg-Harburg[8]
Hanover
Magdeburg
Mannheim[9]
Mittelwerk (jet fuel)
Monheim
Nienhagen
Regensburg (imports)[2]
Rositz

 Austria (Linz benzol plant)

Czechoslovakia (Brüx,
Bratislava, Dubová, Kralupy,
Kolín, Pardubice)
France (Balaruc)
France (La Pallice
Hungary (Almásfüzitő)
Hungary (Budapest)
Hungary (Szöny)
Poland (Czechowice)
Poland (Drohobycz)
Poland (Trzebinia)
Romania (Braşov)
Romania (Brazi)
Romania (Bucharest)[3]
Romania (Câmpina)
Romania (Ploieşti)
Oil fields Nienhagen Hungary (Nagykanizsa)[10]
Oil
storage
depots		 Austria: (Korneuburg) Bücken

Bruges
Dülmen
Ebenhausen
Erfurt
Erbach[disambiguation needed]/Ebrach
Frankfurt am Main
Freiham
Hamburg
Kassel
Marienburg
Munich
Neuenheerse
Roudnice nad Labem
Winterhafen)
Würzburg
Underground:
Ehmen[verification needed]
Farge[2]
Hitzacker[2]
Loccum[2]
Nienburg[2]

 Belgium (Antwerp)

France (Dugny)
France (Le Pontet)
France (Le Pouzin)
France (Lyon)
France (Montbartier)
France (Paris)
France (Rouen)
France (Sète)
Italy (La Spezia)
Italy (Porto Marghera)
Romania (Constanţa)
Romania (Giurgiu)
Yugoslavia (Belgrade)
Yugoslavia (Pula)
External images
Map of oil facilities

Blechhammer North
Bratislava Apollo refinery
Magdeburg/Rothensee

Nov '44 Wanna-Eickel bombing photo

References

^Note 1 : Part 10 of the Plan for Completion of the Combined Bomber Offensive identifies plants at both "Lutzkendorf" and "Lutzkendorf-Mücheln" [sic].[3]
  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
    Cover letter: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
    "Plan": Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
    • "Appendix A": Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
    • "Appendix B": Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
    …
    • "Appendix G": Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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    …
    • "Part 10": Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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