Ranpirnase
Ranpirnase | |
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File:2I5S.png
Crystallographic structure of ranpirnase in complex with RNA.[1]
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Identifiers | |
Organism | |
Symbol | n/a |
PDB | 2I5S |
UniProt | P85073 |
Other data | |
EC number | 3.1.27 |
Ranpirnase is a ribonuclease enzyme found in the oocytes of the Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens). Ranpirnase is a member of the pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) protein superfamily and degrades RNA substrates with a sequence preference for uracil and guanine nucleotides. Along with amphinase, another leopard frog ribonuclease, ranpirnase has been studied as a potential cancer treatment due to its unusual mechanism of cytotoxicity tested against tumor cells.[2]
Ranpirnase was originally discovered by scientists at TamirBio, a biotechnology company (formerly Alfacell Corporation), where it was tested in clinical trials under the brand name Onconase. The mechanism of action of ranpirnase tumor-selective cytotoxicity has been attributed to the RNA interference pathway, potentially through cleaving siRNA molecules;[3] to cleavage of transfer RNA;[2] and to interference with the NF-κB pathway.[4] Despite early indications of promise as a mesothelioma treatment,[5][6][7] and an orphan drug status designation from the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2007,[8] the Phase III clinical trial for this indication did not demonstrate statistical significance against primary endpoints.[9]
References
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