Open C tuning
Open C tuning is an open tuning for guitar. The open-string notes form a C major chord, which is the triad (C,E,G) having the root note C, the major third (C,E), and the perfect fifth (C,G). When the guitar is strummed without fretting even one string, a C-major chord is sounded. By barring all of the strings for one fret (from one to eleven), one finger suffices to fret the other eleven major-chords.
Contents
Examples
There are several open C tunings.
Repetitive C-E-G-C-E-G
<score vorbis="1"> { \clef "treble_8" \time 3/4 <c e g c' e' g'>2. <c >4 <e >4 <g >4 <c' >4 <e' >4 <g' >4 <c e g c' e' g'>2. } </score>
The English guitar uses a repetitive open-C tuning
- C-E-G-C-E-G,
which is approximately a major-thirds tuning,[1] specifically
- C-E-G♯-C-E-G♯=C-E-A♭-C-E-A♭.
<score vorbis="1"> { \clef "treble_8" \time 3/4 <c e aes c' e' aes'>2. <c >4 <e >4 <aes >4 <c' >4 <e' >4 <aes' >4 <c e aes c' e' aes'>2. } </score>
C-G-C-G-C-E
<score vorbis="1"> { \clef "treble_8" \time 3/4 <c, g, c g c' e'>2. <c, >4 <g, >4 <c >4 <g >4 <c' >4 <e' >4 <c, g, c g c' e'>2. } </score>
- C-G-C-G-C-E.[2]
This open C tuning was used by William Ackerman for his "Townsend Shuffle", by John Fahey for his tribute to Mississippi John Hurt,[3] and by Led Zeppelin's Jimmy Page for "Friends".[4][5] It is also used by Devin Townsend for his work with Strapping Young Lad and The Devin Townsend Project.[6]
Overtones C-C-G-C-E-G
<score vorbis="1"> { \clef "treble_8" \time 3/4 <c, c g c' e' g'>2. <c, >4 <c >4 <g >4 <c' >4 <e' >4 <g' >4 <c, c g c' e' g'>2. } </score>
- C-C-G-C-E-G[7]
Another open C tuning uses the harmonic sequence (overtones) of the note C. When an open-note C-string is struck, its harmonic sequence begins with the notes (C,C,G,C,E,G,B♭,C). The root note is associated with a sequence of intervals, beginning with the unison interval (C,C), the octave interval (C,C), the perfect fifth (C,G), the perfect fourth (G,C), the major third (C,E), and the minor third (E,G); in particular, this sequence of intervals contains the thirds of the C-major chord {(C,E),(E,G)}.[8]
C-minor open chord: Cross-note tuning
Flattening this open tuning's open-note E to E♭ changes the open chord from C-major to C-minor, so producing the cross-note tuning
- C-C--G-C-E♭-G
<score vorbis="1"> { \clef "treble_8" \time 3/4 <c, c g c' ees' g'>2. <c, >4 <c >4 <g >4 <c' >4 <ees' >4 <g' >4 <c, c g c' ees' g'>2. } </score> which enables one-finger minor chords. Like other cross-note tunings, it also allows major chords to be fretted with one adjacent finger.[9]
Relation to new standard tuning
Many of the notes from the harmonic sequence for C appear in the new standard tuning (NST),[10] which is a nearly regular tuning based on perfect fifths; NST also has (D,A) from the pentatonic scale on C:
- C-G-D-A-E-G
NST is used in Guitar Craft (a school of guitar playing founded by King Crimson's Robert Fripp). The open-C overtones tuning has the same range as NST, which can use extreme strings (.011 and .059 inches).[11] <score vorbis="1"> { \clef "treble_8" \time 3/4 <c, g, d a e' g'>2. <c, >4 <g, >4 <d >4 <a >4 <e' >4 <g' >4 <c, g, d a e' g'>2. } </score>
C-C-G-C-E-C
<score vorbis="1"> { \clef "treble_8" \time 3/4 <c, c g c' e' c>2. <c, >4 <c >4 <g >4 <c' >4 <e' >4 <c >4 <c, c g c' e' c>2. } </score>
- C-C-G-C-E-C
Using a high C rather than the high G of the overtone series, this open C tuning was used by Mick Ralphs for the songs "Can't Get Enough" and "Movin' On" on Bad Company's debut album. Ralphs said, "It needs the open C to have that ring," and "it never really sounds right in standard tuning".[12]
Notes
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Sethares (2009, pp. 18–19)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Page's "Friends" tuning is called an C6 chord (C-A-C-G-C-E) in Page 92: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Devin Townsend Masterclass: GuitarMessenger.com at 4:30
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Persichetti (1961, pp. 23–24): Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Sethares (2001, p. 16)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (subscription required)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
References
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
