Orders of magnitude (acceleration)
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
This page lists examples of the acceleration occurring in various situations. They are grouped by orders of magnitude.
| Factor [m/s²] |
Multiple | Value | [g] | Item |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | 1 m/s² | 0 m/s² | 0 g | The gyro rotors in Gravity Probe B and the free-floating proof masses in the TRIAD I navigation satellite[1] |
| ≈ 0 m/s² | ≈ 0 g | A ride in the Vomit Comet | ||
| 0.25 m/s² | 0.026 g | Train acceleration for SJ X2 | ||
| 1.62 m/s² | 0.1654 g | Standing on the Moon at its equator | ||
| 4.3 m/s² | 0.44 g | Car acceleration 0–100 km/h 6.4s with Saab 9-5 Hirsch | ||
| 9.81 m/s² | 1 g | Gravity acceleration on earth at sea level-standard.[2] | ||
| 101 | 1 deca (da) m/s² |
11.2 m/s² | 1.14 g | Saturn V moon rocket just after launch |
| 15.2 m/s² † | 1.55 g† | Bugatti Veyron from 0 to 100 km/h in 2.4 s | ||
| 29 m/s² | 3 g | Space Shuttle, maximum during launch and reentry | ||
| 29 m/s² | 3 g | Sustainable for > 25 seconds, for a human.[2] | ||
| 34 – 62 m/s² | 3.5 – 6.3 g | High-G roller coasters[3]:340 | ||
| 41 m/s² | 4.2 g | Top Fuel drag racing world record of 4.4 s over 1/4 mile | ||
| 49 m/s² | 5 g | Causes disorientation, dizziness and fainting in humans.[2] | ||
| 49+ m/s² | 5+ g | Formula One car, maximum under heavy braking | ||
| 51 m/s² | 5.2 g | Luge, maximum expected at the Whistler Sliding Centre | ||
| 49 – 59 m/s² | 5 – 6 g | Formula One car, peak lateral in turns [4] | ||
| 59 m/s² | 6 g | Parachutist peak during normal opening of parachute[5] | ||
| +69 / -49 m/s² | +7 / -5 g | Standard, full aerobatics certified glider | ||
| 70.6 m/s² | 7.19 g | Apollo 16 on reentry[6] | ||
| 79 m/s² | 8 g | F16 aircraft pulling out of dive[7] | ||
| 88 m/s² | 9 g | Maximum for a fit, trained person with G-suit to keep consciousness (G-LOC) | ||
| 88 – 118 m/s² | 9 – 12 g | Typical max. turn in an aerobatic plane or fighter jet | ||
| 102 | 1 hecto (h) m/s² |
147 m/s² | 15 g | Explosive seat ejection from aircraft[7] |
| 177 m/s² | 18 g | Physical damage in humans like broken capillaries.[2] | ||
| 454 m/s² | 46.2 g | Maximum acceleration a human has survived on a rocket sled.[2] | ||
| > 491 m/s² | > 50 g | Death or serious injury likely | ||
| 982 m/s² | 100 g | Sprint missile | ||
| 982 m/s² | 100 g | Automobile crash (100 km/h into wall)[7] | ||
| > 982 m/s² | > 100 g | Brief human exposure survived in crash[8] | ||
| 982 m/s² | 100 g | Deadly limit for most humans | ||
| 1540 m/s² | 157 g | Peak acceleration of fastest rocket sled run[9] | ||
| 1964 m/s² | 200 g | 3.5" harddisc non-operating shock tolerance for 2 ms, weight 0.6 kg[10] | ||
| 2946 m/s² | 300 g | Soccer ball struck by foot[7] | ||
| 3200 m/s² | 320 g | A jumping human flea[11] | ||
| 3800 m/s² | 380 g | A jumping click beetle[12] | ||
| 104 | 10 kilo (k) m/s² |
11 768 m/s² | 1200 g | Deceleration of the head of a woodpecker[13] |
| 17 680 m/s² | 1800 g | Space gun with a barrel length of 1 km and a muzzle velocity of 6 km/s, as proposed by Quicklaunch (assuming constant acceleration) |
||
| 29460 m/s² | 3000 g | Baseball struck by bat[7] | ||
| >49 100 m/s² | > 5000 g | Shock capability of mechanical wrist watches[14] | ||
| 84 450 m/s² | 8600 g | Current formula one engines, maximum piston acceleration [15] | ||
| 105 | 100 kilo (k) m/s² |
102 000 m/s² | 10 400 g | A mantis shrimp punch[16] |
| 152 210 m/s² | 15 500 g | Rating of electronics built into military artillery shells[17] | ||
| 196 400 m/s² | 20 000 g | Spore acceleration of the Pilobolus fungi.[18] | ||
| 304 420 m/s² | 31 000 g | 9×19mm handgun bullet (average along the length of the barrel)[19] | ||
| 106 | 1 mega (M) m/s² |
1 000 000 m/s² | 100 000 g | Closing jaws of a trap-jaw ant.[20] |
| 1 865 800 m/s² | 190 000 g | 9 × 19 Parabellum handgun bullet, peak[21] | ||
| 3 600 000 m/s² | 300 000 g | Ultracentrifuge[7] | ||
| 3 800 000 m/s² | 390 000 g | Surface gravity of white dwarf Sirius B.[22] | ||
| 107 | 10 mega (M) m/s² |
53 000 000 m/s² | 5 400 000 g | Jellyfish stinger[23] |
| 109 | 1 giga (G) m/s² |
1.9×109 m/s² | 1.9×108 g | Mean acceleration of a proton in the Large Hadron Collider[24] |
| 1012 | 1 tera (T) m/s² |
7×1012 m/s² | 7×1011 g | Max surface gravity of a neutron star. |
| 8.8×1013 m/s² | 9×1012 g | Protons in Fermilab accelerator[7] | ||
| 1021 | 1 zetta (Z) m/s² |
8.7×1021 m/s² | 8.9×1020 g | Acceleration from a Wakefield plasma accelerator[25] |
| 1051 | 1051 m/s² | 5.561×1051 m/s² | 5.669×1050 g | Planck acceleration[26] |
† Directed 40 degrees from horizontal.
See also
- G-force
- Gravitational acceleration
- Mechanical shock
- Standard gravity
- International System of Units (SI)
- SI prefix
References
- ↑ Stanford University: Gravity Probe B, Payload & Spacecraft, and NASA: Investigation of Drag-Free Control Technology for Earth Science Constellation Missions. The TRIAD 1 satellite was a later, more advanced navigation satellite that was part of the U.S. Navy’s Transit, or NAVSAT system.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 csel.eng.ohio-state.edu - High Acceleration and the Human Body, Martin Voshell, November 28, 2004
- ↑ George Bibel. Beyond the Black Box: the Forensics of Airplane Crashes. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. ISBN 0-8018-8631-7.
- ↑ 6 g has been recorded in the 130R turn at Suzuka circuit, Japan. [1] Many turns have 5 g peak values, like turn 8 at Istanbul or Eau Rouge at Spa
- ↑ http://www.pcprg.com/g-forces.htm
- ↑ NASA: Table 2: Apollo Manned Space Flight Reentry G Levels
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 tomshardware.co.uk - Hard Drive Shock Tolerance - Hard-Disks - Storage, Physics, by O'hanian, 1989, 2007-01-03
- ↑ “Several Indy car drivers have withstood impacts in excess of 100 G without serious injuries.” Dennis F. Shanahan, M.D., M.P.H.: ”Human Tolerance and Crash Survivability, citing Society of Automotive Engineers. Indy racecar crash analysis. Automotive Engineering International, June 1999, 87–90. And National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Recording Automotive Crash Event Data
- ↑ http://www.holloman.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet_print.asp?fsID=6130&page=1
- ↑ wdc.com - Legacy Product Specifications : WD600BB, read 2012-01-11
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://www.its.caltech.edu/~biomech/papers/BennetClarkLucey1967.pdf
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Omega [2], Ball Watch Technology
- ↑ Cosworth V8 engine ; Up to 10,000 g before rev limits
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ bu.edu - Rockets in Horse Poop, 2010-12-10
- ↑ Assuming an 8.04 gram bullet, a muzzle velocity of 350 metres per second (1,100 ft/s), and a 102 mm barrel.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Assuming an 8.04 gram bullet, a peak pressure of 240 MPa (35,000 psi) and 440 N of friction.
- ↑ Calculated in equation of surface gravity.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ (7 TeV / (20 minutes * c))/proton mass
- ↑ (42 GeV / 85 cm)/electron mass
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
