Papilio multicaudata

Two-tailed swallowtail
File:Eastern tiger swallowtail3.jpg
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Tribe:	Papilionini
Genus:	Papilio
Species:	P. multicaudata
Binomial name
Papilio multicaudata W.F. Kirby, 1884
Subspecies
3 ssp., see text
Synonyms
P. multicaudatus

Papilio multicaudata, the two-tailed swallowtail, is a species of the family Papilionidae found in western North America from British Columbia to Central America.

Description

The two-tailed swallowtail is a large swallowtail of western North America, one of several species that have yellow wings with black tiger striping. Each hindwing has several blue markings (top and bottom). Like other striped swallowtails, it has a small orange eyespot near the lower angle of each hindwing; the eyespots can fool predators into attacking the rear of the butterfly instead of the head, giving the butterfly a chance to escape. Its appearance is similar to the western, and eastern tiger swallowtails, but has narrower black stripes and usually two tails on each hindwing (rather than only one). Most Two-tails have a black "slit pupil" in the orange eyespot on each hindwing, never present in western tiger. It is also usually larger than similar swallowtails within its range, although some eastern tiger swallowtails are as big as any two-tailed. The wingspan ranges from 3 to 6.5 inches, making it the largest swallowtail in western North America. As is the case with most swallowtails, females are larger and more brightly colored than males, having more blue and orange markings on the hindwings. It does not tend to hybridize with related species as do the western, eastern, and Canadian tiger swallowtails.

File:Two-tailed Swallowtail Butterfly.jpg

In Boulder, Colorado, USA

File:Papilio multicaudata larva.jpg

Caterpillar

The butterfly can be seen from Guatemala, through Mexico, the western United States to southern Canada in southern British Columbia, Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan. It typically lives near streams and in moist valleys but also in canyons and cities at lower elevations.

Host plants include: chokecherry, bitter cherry, Arizona rosewood, single-leaf ash, hoptree, and Arizona sycamore. In California it mostly uses California hoptree. Elsewhere in the West, it often uses green ash planted along city streets (in California, city habitats are usually occupied by western tiger swallowtails rather than two-tailed).

The two-tailed swallowtail is the state butterfly of Arizona.

Life cycle

Adults fly during spring and summer and there is 1 brood. Females lay eggs singly on the host plant. The caterpillar will fold the host plants leaves and tie them together with silk they will then eat from this structure. The pupae will over winter then emerge in May.

Subspecies

Listed alphabetically.

• P. m. grandiosus Austin & Emmel, 1998—Mexican mountains.
• P. m. multicaudata Kirby, 1884—widespread subspecies from s. CO, n. NM, south through AZ, NM, & TX and much of Mexico.
• P. m. pusillus Austin & Emmel, 1998—widespread northern subspecies, in Rockies from s. CO north to Canada, throughout WA & OR, and south along Pacific Coast at least to Ventura Co., CA, as well as in Sierras and Great Basin.