Pembroke, North Carolina

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Pembroke, North Carolina
Town
Third Street in Pembroke
Third Street in Pembroke
Official seal of Pembroke, North Carolina
Seal
Motto: "Home of the Lumbee Tribe..."
Pembroke, North Carolina is located in North Carolina
Pembroke, North Carolina
Pembroke, North Carolina
Location within the state of North Carolina
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Country United States
State North Carolina
County Robeson
Government
 • Mayor Milton R. Hunt
Area
 • Total 2.3 sq mi (6.1 km2)
 • Land 2.3 sq mi (6.1 km2)
 • Water 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2)
Elevation 171 ft (52 m)
Population (2010)
 • Total 2,973
 • Density 1,023.9/sq mi (395.3/km2)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 28372
Area code(s) 910
FIPS code 37-51080[1]
GNIS feature ID 0992012[2]
Website Town Of Pembroke North Carolina

Pembroke is a town in Robeson County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 2,973, at the 2010 census. The town is the tribal seat of the state-recognized Lumbee Indian Tribe of North Carolina, as well as the home of The University of North Carolina at Pembroke. In the census, 89% of the city's population identified as Native American.

Geography

Pembroke is located at Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (34.681949, -79.195765).[3]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2), all land.

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1910 258 —
1920 829 221.3%
1930 524 −36.8%
1940 783 49.4%
1950 1,212 54.8%
1960 1,372 13.2%
1970 1,982 44.5%
1980 2,698 36.1%
1990 2,241 −16.9%
2000 2,399 7.1%
2010 2,973 23.9%
Est. 2014 3,011 [4] 1.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[5]

According to the 2000 census,[1] there were 2,399 people, 961 households, and 611 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,023.9 people per square mile (395.8/km²). There were 1,043 housing units at an average density of 445.1 per square mile (172.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was:

There were 961 households out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.3% were married couples living together, 32.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the town the population was spread out with 34.8% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 17.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females there were 75.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 64.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $18,355, and the median income for a family was $21,218. Males had a median income of $26,875 versus $21,510 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,202. About 39.9% of families and 40.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 54.3% of those under age 18 and 34.1% of those age 65 or over.

History

Archaeological excavations now being performed throughout Robeson County reveal a long and rich history of widespread and consistent occupation, especially near the Lumber River (originally known by colonists as Drowning Creek), since the end of the last Ice Age. Indigenous settlements took place along the Lumber River. Artifacts found there have been dated to the early Woodland period. The artifacts include a variety of goods that suggest that Native American settlements along the river were part of an extensive trade network with other regions of what is now the Southeast of the United States.

After colonial contact, European-made items, such as kaolin tobacco pipes, were traded by the Spanish, French, and the English to Native American peoples of the coast. Such items have been revealed among archeological artifacts, attesting to the trade.

Swamps, streams, and artesian wells provided an excellent supply of water for Native peoples. Fish was plentiful, and the regio'ns lush vegetation included numerous food crops. "Carolina bays", creeks, swamps, pocosins, and longleaf pines continue to mark the distinctive wetland landscape of Pembroke.

In 1725, colonial English surveyors for the Wineau factory mapped a village of Waccamaw on what is now known as the Lumber River, a few miles west of present-day Pembroke. In 1754, North Carolina Governor Arthur Dobbs received a report from his agent, Col. Rutherford, the head of a Bladen County militia, that 50 families were living along Drowning Creek (now known as the Lumber River); they were northern Irish and highland Scots immigrants. The communication also reported the shooting of a surveyor who entered the area "to view vacant lands." They reported no Indians in Robeson County area.

In the later 18th century, a variety of colonists settled in the area, including free people of color who had migrated from Virginia along with European-American colonists. In some cases, descendants of Tuscarora (who had migrated to New York as a tribe by 1722) or Siouan peoples intermarried with the new colonists.

The Lowry War of 1861 to 1874, considered significant in Lumbee history, took place in and around Pembroke. The insurgency was led by Henry Berry Lowry, a 17-year-old Lumbee whose father and brother were murdered at the hands of the Confederate Home Guard. This outlaw band of Native Americans, African Americans and whites waged a seven-year guerrilla war against the homeguard and county elite in the areas near Robeson and Pembroke. During the fighting, Lowry and many others escaped into the surrounding swamps, a tactic that they used repeatedly, helping them evade capture.

As the American Civil War dragged on, food became scarce in the area, as more outliers (including escaped slaves, Confederate deserters and Union prison escapees) fled to this sanctuary. The outlaws decided to live off the wealthy class of people instead of the poor. The band raided plantations and distributed food to the poor in Pembroke, which was known then as "Scuffletown" or "The Settlement". Toward century's end, the town was renamed for railroad official Pembroke Jones.

In the late 19th century, families who had been free people of color before the Civil War petitioned the state to have their own Indian schools. State representative Harold McMillan supported this and suggested they should be called the Croatan Indians. The state authorized them to have schools separate from those serving freedmen's children. Under the racially segregated system, they were excluded from schools for whites.

The Old Main, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke and Pembroke High School, Former are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[6]

Today

Pembroke is the tribal seat of the Lumbee Indian Tribe of North Carolina, the largest state-recognized Native American tribe east of the Mississippi River. It is the largest state-recognized tribe that does not have a reservation. The origin of the Lumbee has been disputed historically, as the people are multi-racial. At one time, the group was described as a tri-racial isolate. In the 1950s, those who identified as Native American chose the name Lumbee, after what is now known as the Lumbee River.

Pembroke is home of UNC Pembroke, a master's level degree-granting university and one of the 17 schools that comprise the University of North Carolina system. It was incorporated within the University of North Carolina system in 1972 and officially became the University of North Carolina at Pembroke in 1996. The total enrollment within the university is 6,944 as of 2010. With a 16:1 student to faculty ratio, the average class size is 21. Pembroke is the safest campus among the UNC schools according to the U.S. News and World Report and is among the nation's most diverse. According to their motto, it's "Where learning gets personal."

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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