List of people considered father or mother of a field
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The following is a list of significant men and women known for being the father, mother, or considered the founders mostly in Western societies in a field, listed by category. In most non-science fields, the title of being the "father" is debatable.
Fine art
Subject | Father/mother | Reason |
---|---|---|
Cowboy sculpture | Frederic Remington[1] | Created first bronze cowboy sculpture in 1895 |
Games
Subject | Father/mother | Reason |
---|---|---|
3D gaming | Yu Suzuki John Carmack |
Creator of Hang-On, Virtua Racing, Virtua Fighter, Wolfenstein 3D, and Doom |
Collectible Card Game | Richard Garfield | Creator of Magic:The Gathering |
Miniature wargaming | H. G. Wells[2] | Publication of Little Wars |
Modern video game | Shigeru Miyamoto[3] | Creator of many successful Nintendo franchises |
Role-playing game | Gary Gygax[4] | Creator of Dungeons & Dragons |
Stealth game | Hideo Kojima[5] | Creator of the Metal Gear stealth-action games |
Video game | Thomas T. Goldsmith, Jr. | Inventor of the first video game |
Video game industry | Nolan Bushnell | Creator of Pong; founder of Atari and Chuck E. Cheese's |
Wargaming | Charles S. Roberts[6] | Designer of tactics |
Humanities
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Military
Nations
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Natural and social sciences
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Sports
Subject | Father/mother | Reason |
---|---|---|
American football | Walter Camp[28] | |
American motocross | Edison Dye[29] | Introduced motorcross to American riders |
American road racing | Cameron Argetsinger[30] | Introduced the first US auto race that was dedicated to road courses at Watkins Glen |
American soccer | Steve Ross[31] | Godfather, created the New York Cosmos soccer team and imported a number of well known international footballers to the team in an attempt to bring interest to soccer in the US |
Angling | Izaak Walton[32] | Author of The Compleat Angler |
Argentine football | Alexander Watson Hutton[33] | |
Argentine professional golf | José Jurado[34] | |
Argentine winter sports | Otto Meiling[35] | |
Association football | Ebenezer Cobb Morley[36] | |
Australian rules football | Tom Wills | |
H. C. A. Harrison | ||
Baseball | Henry Chadwick[37][38][39][40] | |
Basketball | James Naismith | Created basketball |
Black basketball | Edwin Henderson | Introduced the sport to the black community of Washington, D.C. in the first decade of the 20th century, and organized many early competitions for African Americans[41] |
BMX | Scot Breithaupt[42] | |
Brazilian football | Charles William Miller[43] | |
Camel Lights | Jim Downing | Built a racecar a season before it became the basis of a new lightweight prototype class in 1985[44] |
Canadian rodeo | O. Raymond Knight[45] | Coined the rodeo term "stampede" and was world's first rodeo producer, rodeo stock contractor, and rodeo champion in 1902 |
Drag racing | Wally Parks[46] | Founder of the NHRA and organized the first legitimate drag race |
Don Garlits[47] | Innovator of drag racing safety | |
Eddie Hill[48] | Regarded as the "Four Father" of drag racing for being the first to break the 5-second barrier. AKA "First in the Fours." | |
Drifting | Kunimitsu Takahashi[49] | Introduced an aggressive high speed cornering technique that became widely used for illicit purposes, which eventually became a sport |
East Coast skateboarding | Vinny Raffa (godfather)[50] | |
Florida skateboarding | Bruce Walker (godfather)[51] | |
Modern football | Ebenezer Cobb Morley[52] | |
Freestyle BMX | Bob Haro[53][54] | |
Freestyle Motocross | Mike Metzger[55] | Godfather[why?] |
Funny Car | Dick Landy[56] | |
Ice hockey | James Creighton | Captained of one of the two teams that participated in the first indoor hockey game on March 3, 1875 in Montreal |
Import drag racing | Frank Choi[57] | Hosted one of the first events specifically for import cars in the mid-1990s to keep drivers out of street racing that progressed into a professional category |
Italian football | James Richardson Spensley[58] | Associated with Genoa CFC; contributed to the modern day-variation of the game in Italy |
William Garbutt[59] | Laid the foundations of skilled coaching in Italian football | |
Japanese baseball | Horace Wilson[60] | Credited with introducing baseball in Japan |
Hiroshi Hiraoka[61] | Credited with establishing the first baseball team | |
Jogging | Jim Fixx[62] | Founding father[why?] |
Kart racing | Art Ingels[63] | Developed the world's first kart (1956) |
Kenyan running | Colm O'Connell[64] | Founded the first running camp in Kenya |
Lacrosse | William George Beers[65][66][67][68] | Codified the sport |
Mississippi rodeo | Earl W. Bascom Weldon Bascom [69] |
Produced the first rodeo in Columbia, Mississippi in 1935 |
Mixed martial arts | Edward William Barton-Wright[70] | Experimented 1898–1902 with Shinden Fudo Ryu jujutsu, Kodokan judo, British boxing, Swiss schwingen, French savate and a defensive la canne (stick fighting) style that had been developed by Pierre Vigny of Switzerland ,which led to the invention of Bartitsu |
Model aviation | Joseph S. Ott[71] | Chicago Tribune, in an obituary, referred him as the father mainly for his designs of thousands of model aircraft spanning from the 1920s up to his death in 1986. |
Modern bodybuilding | Eugen Sandow[72] | |
Harold Zinkin[73] | Called so by Arnold Schwarzenegger during a press statement on his passing in 2004; inventor of modern exercise machines | |
Modern boxing | James Figg[74] | |
James J. Corbett[citation needed] | ||
Modern figure skating | Jackson Haines[75] | "Jackson Haines - The Father of Figure Skating," according to Roy Blakey |
Modern football in Japan | Dettmar Cramer[76] | |
Modern Rodeo | Earl W. Bascom[77] | Inventor of rodeo gear and equipment that made rodeo into a modern international sport |
Modern tennis | Jack Kramer[78] | Creator of the "Open"-era tournaments and the Association of Tennis Professionals |
Puroresu | Rikidōzan[79] | |
Organized radio controlled racing | Ted Longshaw[80] | Regarded as a grandfather of the sport; founded an organization for racing in the United Kingdom (1971); founded governing bodies for organized racing in Europe (1973), the far east (1980) and worldwide (1979) |
Roger Curtis | Co-founder of Associated Electrics, one of the most significant R/C car brands; contributed to racing[81] | |
Modern sabre fencing | Italo Santelli[82] | |
Modern surfing | Duke Kahanamoku[83] | |
Rodeo bareback bronc riding | Earl W. Bascom[84] | Designed and made the first one-hand rigging in 1924 |
Rugby union | A. G. Guillemard[85] | |
William Webb Ellis[86] | "Who with a fine disregard for the rules of football as played in his time first took the ball in his arms and ran with it thus originating the distinctive feature of the rugby game". | |
Scuba diving | Jacques Cousteau[87] | Developed the aqua-lung jointly with Émile Gagnan; popularized scuba diving as a research diver, writer, and film and television producer and personality |
Skateboarding | Skip Engblom (godfather)[88] | |
Tony Hawk (godfather)[89] | ||
Rodney Mullen (godfather) | ||
Snooker | Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain[90] | Adopted the name and framed the rules in Ooty, India |
Snowboarding | Jake Burton Carpenter[91] | |
Stock car racing | Bill France, Sr.[92][93] | Founded the sanctioning body for stock car racing |
Supercross | Mike Goodwin[94] | Organized the first supercross race |
Televised golf | Frank Chirkinian[95][96] | Personally responsible for much of the production conventions of modern golf broadcasting |
Technology
Fields
Computing
Subject | Father/mother | Reason |
---|---|---|
C (programming language) | Dennis Ritchie | |
Assembler | Nathaniel Rochester[120] | |
Compiler | John Backus | Credited as having introduced the first complete compiler in 1957, although rudimental compilers (linker) were created by Grace Hopper in 1952 and by J. Halcombe Laning and Neal Zerlier (Laning and Zierler system) in 1954 |
Computer | Charles Babbage[121] | The concepts he pioneered in his analytical engine later formed the basis of modern computers. |
Alan Turing[122][123] | Secret code breaker during WWII; invented the Turing machine (1936) | |
John V. Atanasoff[124] | Invented the digital computer in the 1930s | |
Konrad Zuse[125] | Invented world's first functional program-controlled computer | |
John von Neumann[126] | Became "intrigued" with Turing's universal machine and later emphasised the importance of the stored-program concept for electronic computing (1945), including the possibility of allowing the machine to modify its own program in useful ways while running. John von Neumann is also considered to be the inventor of flowchat. | |
John W. Mauchly[127] J.Presper Eckert[128] |
Invented the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) in 1946. ENIAC was the first general-purpose electronic computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems. | |
Computer program | Ada Lovelace[129] | Recognized by historians as the writer of the world's first computer program which was for the Charles Babbage Analytical Engine, but was never complete within either her lifetime. |
Internet | Vint Cerf[130][131] |
Co-invented Internet protocol (IP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in 1973, the two original protocols of the Internet protocol suite.[134] |
Microprocessor | Marcian Hoff[135] Masatoshi Shima[136] |
|
Pentium microprocessor | Vinod Dham[137][138] | The original Pentium (P5) was developed by a team of engineers, including John H. Crawford, chief architect of the original 386,[139] and Donald Alpert, who managed the architectural team. Dror Avnon managed the design of the FPU.[140] Dham was general manager of the P5 group.[141] Some media sources have called him the "father of the Pentium". |
Personal computer | Chuck Peddle[142] | Developed the 6502 microprocessor, the KIM-1 and the Commodore PET |
Henry Edward "Ed" Roberts[143] André Truong Trong Thi[144] |
||
Programmable logic controller | Dick Morley[citation needed] | |
Search engine | Alan Emtage[145][146][147] | Created Archie, a pre-Web search engine which pioneered many of the techniques used by subsequent search engines |
SGML | Charles Goldfarb[148] | |
World Wide Web | Tim Berners-Lee[149] | |
Visual Basic | Alan Cooper[150] | |
XML | Jon Bosak[151] | |
Wi-Fi | Vic Hayes |
Inventions
Subject | Father/mother | Reason |
---|---|---|
Air conditioning | Willis Carrier | [152] |
Battery | Alessandro Volta | Invented the first electrical battery, the Voltaic pile.[153] |
Chronograph | George Graham[105][154] | Referred so by Bernard Humbert of the Horology School of Bienne on his 1990 book he Chronograph as Graham was the first to construct a horological mechanism |
Color photography | Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky[155] | A Russian chemist and photographer. He is best known for his pioneering work in color photography of early 20th-century Russia. |
Compact Disc | Kees Immink[156] | |
Ekranoplan | Rostislav Alexeev[157] | Alexeyev revolutionised the shipbuilding industry (though in secrecy) by inventing crafts that use ground effect, whereby a wing traveling close to the ground is provided with a better lift-drag ratio - thereby enabling a combination of greater aircraft weight for less power and/or enhanced fuel economy. |
Modern firearms | John Moses Browning[158] | Browning revolutionized the firearm industry with his automatic rifles that were manufactured by Winchester, Colt, Remington and Savage |
Glow plug engine | Ray Arden[159] | Invented the first glow plug for model engines |
Helicopter | Igor Sikorsky[160] | Invented the first successful helicopter, upon which further designs were based. |
Instant noodle | Momofuku Ando[161] | Inventor of the instant noodle, also founder of Nissin Foods to produce and market them. |
Japanese television | Kenjiro Takayanagi[162][163] | |
Jet engine | Frank Whittle[164][165] | |
Karaoke | Daisuke Inoue[166] | Inventor of the machine as a means of allowing people to sing without the need of a live back-up. |
Laser | Charles Hard Townes | |
Lightning prediction system | Alexander Stepanovich Popov | The first lightning prediction system, the Lightning detector, was invented in 1894 by Alexander Stepanovich Popov. |
Marine chronometer | John Harrison[167] | |
Mobile phone | Martin Cooper[168] | |
Periodic table | Dmitri Mendeleev[169] | Russian chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev, arranged the elements in an order that we would now recognise. He realised that the physical and chemical properties of elements were related to their atomic mass in a 'periodic' way, and arranged them so that groups of elements with similar properties fell into vertical columns in his table. |
Radio | Guglielmo Marconi[170] Jagdish Chandra Bose[171] |
The research of these pioneers led to the invention of radio |
Radio (Radio broadcasting) | Reginald Fessenden[citation needed] David Sarnoff[citation needed] |
Fessenden is credited as the first to broadcast radio signals on Christmas Eve, 1906. Sarnoff proposed a chain of radio stations to Marconi's associates in 1915. |
Radio (FM radio) | Edwin H. Armstrong[citation needed] | Obtained the first Federal Communications Commission (FCC) license to operate an FM station in Alpine, New Jersey at approximately 50 megahertz (1939) |
Radiotelephony | Reginald Fessenden[172][173] | |
Spread spectrum | Paul Beard[174] | Inventor of the spread spectrum, created Spektrum to promote its use. |
Telephone | Antonio Meucci Alexander Graham Bell[175] |
See Invention of the telephone |
Television | Philo T. Farnsworth[176] | Co-Inventors of the Electronic Television. Farnsworth invented the Image dissector while Zworykin created the Iconoscope, both fully electronic forms of television. Logie Baird invented the world's first working television system, also the first electronic color television system. |
Tokamak | Lev Artsimovich | |
Tube structure | Fazlur Rahman Khan[181] | One of the greatest engineers of the 20th century. Invented the tube structural system and first employed it in his designs for the DeWitt-Chestnut Apartments, John Hancock Center and Sears Tower. |
Towns, cities, and regions
Subject | Father/Mother | Reason |
---|---|---|
British Columbia | James Douglas[182] | Fur trader and manager for the North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company, Governor of the Colony of Vancouver Island and first Governor of the Colony of British Columbia. |
Lan Kwai Fong | Allan Zeman[183] | Noted for turning a small square of streets in Central, into a thriving bar and night life districts in Hong Kong. |
Miami, Florida | Henry Flagler[184] | Builder of the Florida East Coast Railway |
Transport
Subject | Father/mother | Reason |
---|---|---|
20th century American car industry | Henry Ford[185] | Noted for introducing a simple and affordable car for the ordinary American masses. |
American Interstate Highway System | Dwight D. Eisenhower[186] | Proposed and signed the act which created the System |
Automatic transmission | Oscar Banker[187][188] | |
flight simulator | Edwin Albert Link[189] | Developed the Link Trainer |
Full-suspension mountain bike | Jon Whyte[190] | Used his suspension design expertise at Benetton Formula to design the first full-suspension mountain bike for Marin Bikes. |
High-performance VW industry | Gene Berg[191] | |
Hot rod | Ed Winfield[192] | |
Import car culture | RJ DeVera[193] | Influential for popularizing the import car scene in the mid-1990s. |
Kustom Kulture | Von Dutch[194] | |
Monster truck | Bob Chandler[195] | Famed for building Bigfoot, which was the first to be capable of driving over cars and subsequently became one of the most famous monster truck in history |
Mountain bike | Gary Fisher[196] | |
Rock Crawling | Marlin Czajkowski[197] | In 1994, Marlin made final drive ratios of 200:1 and lower possible in typical off road vehicles (primarily Toyota Hilux trucks) and changed the way people access remote off-roading destinations. |
Rotary engine | Felix Wankel[198][199] | |
Route 66 | Cyrus Avery[200] | |
Tailfin | Harley Earl[201][202][203] | |
Traffic safety | William Phelps Eno[204] | |
Turbo engine | Paul Rosche[205] | A lifetime employee of BMW, he evolutionized the turbocharged engine into automobile use. He also developed the first European turbocharged car, the racing 1969 BMW 2002 TiK that evolved into the production 1972 2002 Turbo. |
Yellow school bus | Frank W. Cyr[206] |
See also
References
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- ↑ "Henry Chadwick, Chad, The Father of Base Ball [sic]"; National Baseball Hall of Fame bio,[1]. Not a player, but a journalist and organizer, the Hall of Fame credits him as "inventor of the box score" and "author of the first rule-book."
- ↑
- <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/> Spalding's Baseball Guide and Official League Book for 1889, ed. Henry Chadwick at Project Gutenberg: "Henry Chadwick, the veteran journalist, upon whom the honored sobriquet of 'Father of Base Ball[sic]' rests so happily and well, appears in portraiture, and so well preserved in his physical manhood that his sixty-three years rest lightly upon his well timed life."
- ↑ "Matty" at Harvard; The New York Times, February 16, 1909, p. 7: "Charles H. Ebbets, Chairman of the Chadwick Monument Committee, has announced that the contract has been awarded for a suitable monument to be placed on the plot in Greenwood[sic] Cemetery where the remains of the late Henry Chadwick, 'the Father of Baseball,' repose."
- ↑ Collins, Glen (2004): "Ground as Hallowed as Cooperstown," The New York Times, April 1, 2004. (Article on baseball notables interred in the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn) "Among the nearly 600,000 people buried there are no less than four pioneers who were accorded the title 'Father of Baseball' in the popular press: Henry Chadwick, Duncan Curry, William Tucker and William Wheaton....The memorial for Henry Chadwick bears a 'Father of Base Ball' inscription.... [Duncan] Curry, first president of the Knickerbocker Baseball Club, is immortalized with a monument that proudly dubs him 'Father of Baseball' because he headed the club that scholars say first codified many of the game's rules...."
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- ↑ Although it's a title he objects to (see Interview with Vinton Cerf, from a January 2006 article in Government Computer News), Cerf is willing to call himself one of the Internet's fathers, citing Bob Kahn in particularly as being someone with whom he should share that title.
- ↑ Kahn do, No (2007). " Father of internet warns against Net Neutrality", The Register, Thursday 18 January
- ↑ Louis Pouzin
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- ↑ The Technology Trailblazer: Vinod Dham. University of Cincinnati.
- ↑ Priya Ganapati at Techfest 99, IIT Bombay. Rediff.com.
- ↑ p. 54, "Intel Turns 35: Now What?", David L. Margulius, InfoWorld, July 21, 2003, ISSN 0199-6649.
- ↑ p. 21, "Architecture of the Pentium microprocessor", D. Alpert and D. Avnon, IEEE Micro, 13, #3 (June 1993), pp. 11–21, doi:10.1109/40.216745.
- ↑ p. 90, "Inside Intel", Business Week, #3268, June 1, 1992.
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- ↑ A Talk with the Father of Computing, Wired Magazine
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- ↑ [3] History of the Internet
- ↑ [4] History of the Search Engine - What Came Before Google?
- ↑ XML for Newcomers and Managers - Part I
- ↑ Three loud cheers for the father of the web, 28 January 2005, Telegraph.co.uk
- ↑ Cooper, Alan, Why I am called "the Father of Visual Basic" "Mitchell Waite called me the "father of Visual Basic" in the foreword to what I believe was the first book ever published for VB, called the Visual Basic How-To (now in its second edition, published by The Waite Group Press). I thought the appellation was an appropriate one, and frequently use the quoted phrase as my one-line biography."
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- ↑ Untitled Document
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- ↑ Igor Sikorsky is considered to be the "father" of helicopters not because he invented the first. He is called that because he invented the first successful helicopter, upon which further designs were based, an article from inventors.About.com by Mary Bellis
- ↑ http://www.wakin-web.com/Wakin/NewsVault/InstantNoodles.html
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- ↑ Guglielmo Marconi - the "father of radio"
- ↑ A. K. Sen (1997). "Sir J.C. Bose and radio science", Microwave Symposium Digest 2 (8-13), pp. 557-560.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. "Fessenden, the Forgotten Father of 'Wireless' Telephony" (section heading)[5]
- ↑ Zuill, William S. (2001): The Forgotten Father of Radio", American Heritage of Science and Technology, 17(1)40–47, as cited in Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. p. 160
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., p. 190: "Although Alexander Graham Bell is most famously remembered as the father of the telephone, the reality is that during the latter half of the 1800s dozens of minds were at work on the project of carrying voice over telegraph lines."
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ BC Archives: Sir James Douglas
- ↑ http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Asia/Story/STIStory_429594.html
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- ↑ http://www.binghamton.edu/watson/professional-development/programs/flight-simulation/
- ↑ https://bikemagic.com/news/jon-whyte-leaves-atb-sales.html
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- ↑ http://irishcar.com/wankelge.htm
- ↑ http://www.rotorhead.ca/articles/2002/12/22/felix-wankel-bio/
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- ↑ http://www.retrofuture.com/index.php/2009/01/24/harley-earls-dream-car-the-firebird-iii/
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