Per mille

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A per mille[1][2][3] (from Latin per mīlle, "in each thousand"[4]), also spelled per mil,[4][1][5][6][2][7] per mill,[4][8][5][6][7][9] permil,[4] permill,[4] or permille[3] is a sign indicating parts per thousand. Per mil should not be confused with parts per million (ppm).

The sign is written , which looks like a percent sign (%) with an extra zero in the divisor. It is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode characters: U+2030 PER MILLE SIGN (HTML &#8240;<dot-separator> &permil;).[3] It is accessible in Windows using ALT+0137.

The term occurs so rarely in English that major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling or pronunciation even within a single dialect of English[10] and some major dictionaries such as Macmillan[11] and Longman[12] do not even contain an entry. The term is more common in other European languages where it is used in contexts, such as blood alcohol content, that are usually expressed as a percentage in English-speaking countries.

Examples

A railroad distance and gradient sign in the Czech Republic. The 20‰ grade is equivalent to 2%.

Examples of common use include:

Related units

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Cambridge Dictionary Online. "per mille". Cambridge University Press (Cambridge), 2014. Accessed 31 August 2012.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Oxford Dictionaries: The British & World Dictionary. "per mille" Accessed 1 Aug 2014.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Unicode. "General Punctuation". 2014. Accessed 5 Aug 2014.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "per mil, adv." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2005.
  5. 5.0 5.1 eReference. "per mil". Houghton Mifflin. Accessed 31 Aug 2012.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Oxford Dictionaries: The American Dictionary. "per mill". Accessed 1 Aug 2014.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Collins English Dictionary. "per mill or per mil". 2014. Accessed 1 Aug 2014.
  8. Merriam–Webster Online. per mill". Accessed 1 Aug 2014.
  9. Collins American English Dictionary. "per mill". 2014. Accessed 1 Aug 2014.
  10. See entries above
  11. Macmillan Dictionary. "No result". Accessed 1 Aug 2014.
  12. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. "No result". Accessed 1 Aug 2014.