Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System
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The Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System (Indonesian: Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan, abbreviated EYD), also called the Perfected Spelling System (PSS), is the latest Indonesian spelling system which was released in 1972 to replace the Soewandi Spelling System (SSS). The aim was greater harmonization of the Indonesian and Malaysian alphabets.
Contents
Changes
Soewandi-to-EYD letter changes
| Changes | Soewandi | EYD | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| /tʃ/: tj becomes c | tjuma, katjang | cuma, kacang | only, peanuts |
| /dʒ/: dj becomes j | djual, edjaan | jual, ejaan | sell, spelling |
| /j/: j becomes y | ajam, pajung | ayam, payung | chicken, umbrella |
| /ɲ/: nj becomes ny | njonja, banjak | nyonya, banyak | madam, many |
| /ʃ/: sj becomes sy | sjair, masjarakat | syair, masyarakat | poem, people |
| /x/: ch becomes kh | tarich, achir | tarikh, akhir | era, end |
Foreign loan letters
Letters that have previously been included in the Soewandi Spelling as foreign loan letters are officially used in the EYD Spelling.[1]
| Letters | Example | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| f | maaf, fakir | sorry, poor |
| v | valuta, universitas | currency, university |
| z | zeni, lezat | engineer, delicious |
Q and X
Letters 'q' and 'x' are still used in scientific subjects.[1]
Examples:
- a:b=p:q
- Sinar-X (X-ray)
Affixes and prepositions
The writing of di- and ke- (affixes) can be distinguished from di and ke (prepositions), where di- and ke- is written together with the words that follow it, for example diambil, kehendak (is being taken, desire), while di and ke is written separately with the words that follow it, for example di rumah, ke pasar (at home, to the market). This is different from the former Soewandi Spelling, where both di- and di are written together with the words following it.[1]
Repeated words
Repeated words, mostly used in plural form of words, have to be fully written with letters, so the use of number "2" as used in the Soewandi Spelling is no longer valid.[1] (In informal usage, however, the practice remains common.)
| Soewandi | EYD | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| anak2 | anak-anak | children |
| ber-main2 | bermain-main | to play around |
| ke-barat2-an | kebarat-baratan | westernized |
