Politics of Trinidad and Tobago
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The politics of Trinidad and Tobago function within the framework of a unitary state regulated by a parliamentary democracy modelled on that of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, from which the country gained its independence in 1962. Under the 1976 republican Constitution, the British monarch was replaced as head of state by a President chosen by an electoral college composed of the members of the bicameral Parliament, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
The country has remained a member of the Commonwealth, and has retained the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London as its highest court of appeal.
The general direction and control of the government rests with the Cabinet, led by a Prime Minister. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are answerable (at least in theory) to the House of Representatives. The 41 members of the House are elected to terms of at least five years. Elections may be called earlier by the president at the request of the prime minister or after a vote of no confidence in the House of Representatives. In 1976, the voting age was reduced from 21 to 18. The Senate's 31 members are appointed by the President: 16 on the advice of the prime minister, six on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and nine independents selected by the President from among outstanding members of the community. Local government is through nine Regional Corporations and five municipalities. Tobago was given a measure of self-government in 1980 and is governed by the Tobago House of Assembly. In 1996, Parliament passed legislation which gave Tobago greater self-government. In 2005 Parliament approved a proposal by the independent Elections and Boundaries Commission to increase the number of seats in the House of Representatives from 36 to 41.
Party politics has generally run along ethnic lines, with most Afro-Trinidadians supporting the People's National Movement (PNM) and most Indo-Trinidadians supporting various Indian-majority parties, such as the current United National Congress (UNC) or its predecessors. Most political parties, however, have sought to broaden their purview. In the run-up to the 2007 general election, a new political presence emerged called Congress of The People (COP). Led by former Winston Dookeran, the majority of this membership was formed from former UNC members. Despite gaining a significant but minority share of the vote in various constituencies, the COP failed to capture a single seat.
An early general election was called on 16 April 2010, and was held on 24 May 2010.[1] Two major entities contested the election: the incumbent PNM, and a coalition called the People's Partnership, led by UNC leader Kamla Persad-Bissessar, comprising the UNC, COP, TOP (Tobago Organisation of the People), and two labour and non-governmental organisations:the National Joint Action Committee and the Movement for Social Justice.[2] The People's Partnership won 29 seats and the majority, with Kamla Persad-Bissessar being sworn in as the country's first female Prime Minister on 26 May 2010. The PNM won the remaining 12 seats and comprised the opposition in parliament.
In the 2015 general election resulted in a victory for the People's National Movement, which won 23 of the 41 seats led by Keith Rowley.
Contents
Executive branch
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| Office | Name | Party | Since |
|---|---|---|---|
| President | Anthony Carmona | Independent | 18 March 2013 |
| Prime Minister | Keith Rowley | People's National Movement | 9 September 2015 |
The President is elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President from among the members of Parliament; following legislative elections, the person with the most support among the elected members of the House of Representatives is appointed Prime Minister, usually the leader of the winning party. The cabinet is appointed from among the Members of Parliament, which constitutes elected Members of the House of Representatives and appointed Members of the Senate
Cabinet ministers of Trinidad and Tobago
- Prime Minister: Keith Rowley
- Attorney-General: Faris Al-Rawi
- Minister of National Security: Edmund Dillon
- Minister of Finance: Colm Imbert
- Minister of Foreign and CARICOM Affairs: Denis Moses
- Minister of Planning and Sustainable Development: Camille Robinson-Regis
- Minister of Trade and Industry:Paula Gopee-Scoon
- Minister of Energy and Energy Industries: Nicole Olivierre
- Minister of Tourism: Shamfa Cudjoe
- Minister of Rural Development and Local Government: Franklyn Khan
- Minister of Agriculture, Lands and Fisheries: Clarence Rambharat
- Minister of Housing and Urban Development: Marlene McDonald
- Minister of Works and Transport: Fitzgerald Hinds
- Minister of Public Utilities: Ancil Antoine
- Minister of Communications: Maxie Cuffie
- Minister of Health: Terrence Deyalsingh
- Minister of Education: Anthony Garcia
- Minister of Labour and Small Enterprise Development: Jennifer Baptiste-Primus
- Minister of Social Development and Family Services: Cherrie-Ann Crichlow-Cockburn
- Minister of Community Development, Culture and the Arts: Nyan Gadsby-Dolly
- Minister of Sports and Youth Affairs: Darryl Smith
- Minister of Public Administration: Randall Mitchell
- Minister in the Office of the Prime Minister: Ayanna Webster-Roy
- Minister in the Office of the Attorney General and Legal Affairs: Stuart Young
- Minister of State in the Ministry of Education: Lovell Francis
- Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture, Lands and Fisheries: Avinash Singh
Following the 2015 general elections, a number of ministries were removed, while others were consolidated or reintroduced.
| Removed | Consolidated | Reintroduced |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of the People | Ministry of Works and Transport (formerly Min Works and Infrastructure and Min Transport) | Ministry of Agriculture |
| Ministry of Gender | Ministry of Rural Development (formerly Local Government) | Ministry of Social Development |
| Ministry of Youth and Child Development | -- | -- |
| Ministry of Arts and Multiculturalism | -- | -- |
| Ministry of Justice | -- | -- |
| Ministry of Science, Technology and Tertiary Education | -- | -- |
| Ministry of Food Production | -- | -- |
| Ministry of Environment and Water Resources | -- | -- |
| Ministry of National Diversity and Social Integration | -- | -- |
Legislative branch
The Parliament of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago has two chambers. The House of Representatives has 41 members, elected for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies. The Senate has 31 members: 16 Government Senators appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister, six Opposition Senators appointed on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition and nine Independent Senators appointed by the President to represent other sectors of civil society.
The 15 member Tobago House of Assembly has limited autonomy with respect to Tobago.
Political parties and elections
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| Parties | Votes | % | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| People's National Movement | 378,447 | 51.68% | 23 |
| People's Partnership Coalition | 341,597 | 46.64% | 18 |
| Independent Liberal Party | 5,123 | 0.70% | 0 |
| Others | 7,173 | 0.98% | 0 |
| Total valid votes | 732,340 | 100.00 | 41 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 2,452 | – | – |
| Total (turnout 66.84%) | 734,792 | 100 | |
| Source: EBC | |||
note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly, with 15 members (12 elected) serving four-year terms; in the 2005 elections the PNM won.
Judicial branch
The country's highest court is the Court of Appeal,[3] whose chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition.[4] The current Chief Justice of Trinidad and Tobago is Ivor Archie.[5] Final appeal on some matters is decided by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London. Trinidad and Tobago was chosen by its Caribbean neighbours (Caricom) to be the headquarters site of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) which was supposed to replace the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the fall of 2003. However, the government has been unable to pass legislation to effect this change.
Administrative divisions
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Trinidad is divided in five Municipalities Arima, Chaguanas, Port of Spain, Point Fortin, San Fernando and nine Regional Corporations Couva-Tabaquite-Talparo, Diego Martin, Penal-Debe, Princes Town, Rio Claro-Mayaro, San Juan-Laventille, Sangre Grande, Siparia, and Tunapuna-Piarco.
Local government in Tobago is handled by the Tobago House of Assembly.
Domestic Terrorist Organizations and leaders
- Jamaat al Muslimeen (Yasin Abu Bakr) (Leader of the Islamist coup d'état attempt in 1990).[6][7]
International organization participation
ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
References
- ↑ Linda Hutchinson-Jafar, "Trinidad and Tobago sets early election May 24", Reuters, 16 April 2010.
- ↑ "A look at the People's Partnership", Trinidad & Tobago Newsday, 23 April 2010.
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External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Politicians of Trinidad and Tobago. |
- The Elections and Boundaries Commission (EB&C), Trinidad and Tobago
