Portal:Acadia
Acadia (in the French language Acadie) was the name given to lands in a portion of the French colonial empire in northeastern North America that included parts of eastern Quebec, the Maritime provinces, and most of modern-day Maine. People living in Acadia, and sometimes former residents and their descendants, are called Acadians, also later known as Cajuns after settlement in Louisiana. The Acadians participated in six colonial wars (see the four French and Indian Wars, Father Rale's War and Father Le Loutre's War). The capital of Acadia was primarily Port Royal, until the British conquest of Acadia in the Siege of Port Royal (1710).
Today, Acadia is used to refer to regions of North America that are historically associated with the lands, descendants, and/or culture of the former French region. It particularly refers to regions of The Maritimes with French roots, language, and culture, primarily in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, as well as in Maine. It can also be used to refer to the Acadian diaspora in southern Louisiana, a region also referred to as Acadiana. In the abstract, Acadia refers to the existence of a French culture in any of these regions.
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The Expulsion of the Acadians (also known as the Great Upheaval, the Great Expulsion, The Deportation, the Acadian Expulsion, Le Grand Dérangement) was the forced population transfer of the Acadian people from present day Canadian Maritime provinces — Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island (an area known as Acadie to the French). The Expulsion occurred during the French and Indian War. They were deported to other British colonies, Britain, and France, between 1755 and 1763.
The British Conquest of Acadia happened in 1710. Over the next forty-five years the Acadians refused to sign an unconditional oath of allegiance to Britain. During this time period Acadians participated in various militia operations against the British and maintained vital supply lines to the French Fortress of Louisbourg and Fort Beausejour. During the French and Indian War, the British sought to neutralize any military threat Acadians posed and to interrupt the vital supply lines Acadians provided to Louisbourg by deporting Acadians from Acadia. Read more...
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Charles Deschamps de Boishébert et de Raffetot (b February 7, 1727 – d January 9, 1797), was the leader of the Acadian resistance to the Expulsion of the Acadians. He settled and tried to protect Acadians refugees along the rivers of New Brunswick. Fort Boishebert is named after him. Beaubears National Park on Beaubears Island, New Brunwick is named in his honour for settling refugee Acadians there during the Expulsion of the Acadians.
For the Acadians fleeing the deportation, Boishebert created refugee camps at Shediac, Miramichi, and on the Restitgouche River. He spent part of the winter of 1755–56 at Cocagne (Shediac, New Brunswick) with the 600 Acadians stationed there. Le Camp d'Esperance (Cape Hope) was established at Beaubears Island and was reported to have between 1000 to 3500 Acadians. Boishébert’s was constantly vigilant over these settlements. The settlers had already been deported from the region of Beaubassin, despite Boishébert’s attempts to evacuate the most destitute families. His efforts were limited by a scarcity of supplies, which coincided from 1756 to 1758 with a period of extreme poverty for most Acadians. Read more...
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- The area that became known as Acadia was inhabited for thousands of years by Aboriginal tribes, predominantly the Mi'kmaq people.
- August 15 is National Acadian Day. Choosing this day was one of the highlights of the first National Acadian Convention in Memramcook, New Brunswick in 1881.
- Both the Acadian motto and the insignia were adopted in Miscouche, Prince Edward Island in 1884, during the second Acadian Convention
- The Latin song Ave Maris Stella was chosen as the Acadian national anthem in 1884 as well as the The Acadian flag
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