Portal:Business and economics
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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found.  In the social sciences, economics is the study of human choice behavior and the methodology used to make associated investment and production decisions; in particular, though not limited to, how those choices and decisions determine the allocation of scarce resources and their effect on production, distribution, and consumption. The word "economics" is from the Greek words οἶκος [oikos], meaning "family, household, estate", and νόμος [nomos], or "custom, law", and hence literally means "household management" or "management of the state". An economist is a person using economic concepts and data in the course of employment, or someone who has earned a university degree in the subject. Economics undergraduate courses always cover at least the two main branches:
However, there are also other sub-fields of economics. In economics, economic systems is the study and analysis of organizing production, distribution, consumption and investment and the study of optimal resource allocation and institutional design. Traditionally the study of economic systems was based on a dichotomy between market economies and planned economies, but contemporary studies compare and contrast a number of different variables, such as ownership structure (Public, Private or Collective), economic coordination (planning, markets or mixed), management structure (Hierarchy versus adhocracy), the incentive system, and the level of centralization in decision-making. An economy can be analyzed in terms of its economic sectors, the classic breakdown being into primary, secondary and tertiary. A business, also known as an enterprise or a firm, is an organization involved in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers. Businesses are prevalent in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and provide goods and services to customers in exchange of other goods, services, or money. Businesses may also be not-for-profit or state-owned. Management in business and organizations is the function that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization or initiative to accomplish a goal. Management is also an academic discipline, and is traditionally taught at business schools. Economic policy refers to the actions that governments take in the economic field. It covers the systems for setting interest rates and government budget as well as the labor market regulations, national ownership, trade policy, monetary policy, fiscal policy, regulatory policy, anti-trust policy and industrial policy. In economics, sustainable development refers to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found. The London Necropolis Company (LNC), formally the London Necropolis & National Mausoleum Company until 1927, was a cemetery operator established by Act of Parliament in 1852 in reaction to the crisis caused by the closure of London's graveyards in 1851. The LNC intended to establish a single cemetery large enough to accommodate all of London's future burials in perpetuity. The company's founders recognized that the recently invented technology of the railway provided the ability to conduct burials a long distance from populated areas, mitigating concerns over public health risks from living near burial sites. Accordingly, the company bought a very large tract of land in Brookwood, Surrey, around 25 miles (40 km) from London, and converted a portion of it into Brookwood Cemetery. A dedicated railway line, the London Necropolis Railway, linked the new cemetery to the city. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found.  The economy of Ohio nominally would be the 25th largest global economy behind Sweden and ahead of Nigeria according to the 2013 World Bank projections, and the 24th largest global economy behind Sweden and ahead of Norway according to the 2013 International Monetary Fund projections. The state had a projected GDP of $526.1 billion in 2013, up from 517.1 in 2012, and up from 501.3 in 2011, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis. In 2013, Ohio was ranked in the top ten states for best business climate by Site Selection magazine, based on a business-activity database. The state was edged out only by Texas and Nebraska for the 2013 Governor's Cup award from the magazine, based on business growth and economic development. A new report by the Quantitative Economics and Statistics Practices (QUEST) of Ernst & Young in conjunction with the Council On State Taxation (COST), ranks Ohio as third in the nation for friendliest tax environment. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found. "WHEN CONFRONTED WITH a problem, have you ever stopped and asked why five times? It is difficult to do even though it sounds easy. For example, suppose a machine stopped functioning: 1.Why did the machine stop? There was an overload and the fuse blew. 2.Why was there an overload? The bearing was not sufficiently lubricated. 3.Why was it not lubricated sufficiently? The lubrication pump was not pumping sufficiently. 4.Why was it not pumping sufficiently? The shaft of the pump was worn and rattling. 5.Why was the shaft worn out? There was no strainer attached and metal scrap got in. Repeating why five times, like this, can help uncover the root problem and correct it. If this procedure were not carried through, one might simply replace the fuse or the pump shaft. In that case, the problem would recur within a few months. To tell the truth, the Toyota production system has been built on the practice and evolution of this scientific approach. By asking why five times and answering it each time, we can get to the real cause of the problem, which is often hidden behind more obvious symptoms."
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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found. Wikinews Economy and business portal
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| 11:31, 01 June, 2016 (UTC) | |||
| 4,948.06 |  |
% |
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| 2,096.96 |  2.10 |
0.10% |
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| 14,065.78 | |
% |
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| 45,459.45 | |
% |
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| 6,170.96 | 59.83 |
0.96% |
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| 10,171.27 | 91.47 |
0.89% |
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| 4,464.47 | 41.15 |
0.91% |
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| 8,177.97 | 38.45 |
0.47% |
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| 444.72 | 3.15 |
0.70% |
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| 3,492.55 | 21.51 |
0.61% |
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| 8,910.50 | 123.50 |
1.37% |
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| 5,395.17 | 52.63 |
0.97% |
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| 16,955.73 | 279.25 |
1.62% |
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| 20,760.98 | 54.11 |
0.26% |
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| 2,914.21 | 2.41 |
0.08% |
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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found. April 16:
- 1867 - Wilbur Wright, an American pilot, engineer, and businessman, co-founder of the Wright Company, was born on this day.
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- ...that William McChesney Martin, Jr. was the longest-serving Chairman of the Federal Reserve serving from April 2, 1951 to January 31, 1970?
- ...that eleven of the twenty-nine winners of the John Bates Clark Medal, a biannual award given out by the American Economic Association, have gone on to later win the Nobel Prize in Economics?
- ...that Ingvar Kamprad, founder of the home furnishing retail chain store IKEA, drew some controversy in 1994 when it was revealed that Kamprad had joined Swedish fascist activist Per Engdahl's pro-Nazi group in 1942?
- ...that dismal science is a derogatory alternative name for economics coined by the Victorian historian Thomas Carlyle in the 19th century to draw a contrast with the then-familiar use of the phrase "gay science"?
- ...that, according to historical legend, Laissez-faire stems from a meeting in about 1681 between the powerful French finance minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert and a group of French businessmen led by a certain M. Le Gendre?
- ...that Ransom E. Olds used the assembly line system to produce automobiles in 1901 before Henry Ford?
- ...that Antoine Augustin Cournot derived the first formula for the rule of supply and demand as a function of price and in fact was the first to draw supply and demand curves on a graph in his Researches on the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth?
- ...that the Toyota Production System (TPS) developed by Toyota, that comprises its management philosophy and practices, organizes manufacturing and logistics for the automobile manufacturer, including interaction with suppliers and customers?
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