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The Liquor Portal     Distilled beverages | Baijiu | Brandies | Fruit brandies | Distilled ciders | Beverage distillers | Fermented teas | Fortified wine | Gins | Horilkas | Liqueurs | Neutral grain spirits | Pisco | Rice drinks | Rums | Tequila | Vodkas | Whisky/Whiskey Rows of distilled beverages in a bar A distilled beverage, spirit, liquor, hard liquor or hard alcohol is an alcoholic beverage produced by distillation of a mixture produced from alcoholic fermentation. This process purifies it and removes diluting components like water, for the purpose of increasing its proportion of alcohol content (commonly expressed as alcohol by volume, ABV). As distilled beverages contain more alcohol they are considered "harder" – in North America, the term 'hard liquor' is used to distinguish distilled beverages from undistilled ones, which are implicitly weaker. Examples of distilled beverages include vodka, gin, rum, whisky, eau de vie (fruit brandy or schnapps), tequila, baijiu, soju, aguardiente, pálinka, cachaça, singani, borovička and slivovitz. Brandy is a spirit produced by the distillation of wine, and has an ABV content of over 35%. Distilled beverages bottled with added sugar and added flavorings are known as liqueurs, which includes beverages such as Grand Marnier, Frangelico, and American schnapps. Distilled beverages are served in many ways, including neat/straight, as a shot, straight up, on the rocks, as an ingredient in a cocktail, as a mixer, blended or frozen, in a gelatin shot, and with water. A vodka Martini Vodka is a distilled beverage composed primarily of water and ethanol, sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings. Traditionally, vodka is made by the distillation of fermented cereal grains or potatoes, though some modern brands use other substances, such as fruits or sugar. Since the 1890s, the standard Polish, Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian and Czech vodkas are 40% alcohol by volume ABV (80 proof), a percentage that is widely misattributed to Dmitri Mendeleev. The European Union has established a minimum of 37.5% ABV for any "European vodka" to be named as such. Products sold as "vodka" in the United States must have a minimum alcohol content of 40%. Even with these loose restrictions, most vodka sold contains 40% ABV. For homemade vodkas and distilled beverages referred to as "moonshine", see moonshine by country. John Jameson, a Scottish businessman, and his son, also named John Jameson, formally established the The John Jameson and Son Irish Whiskey company in 1810 when they took ownership of the Bow Street Distillery in Dublin, Ireland, which had originally been built by his wife's cousins the Steins in 1780. Jameson was a Scottish lawyer from Alloa in Clackmannanshire who had married Margaret Haig, a sister of the Haig brothers who owned the Haig distilleries. Margaret Haig was a first cousin of the Steins, a Scottish distilling family, also from Clackmannanshire, with significant distilling interests in Scotland and Dublin. On his marriage to Margaret Haig in 1786, John Jameson moved with his new wife to Dublin to manage the Stein's Bow Street Distillery (which had been established in 1780) for Margaret's Stein uncle. This explains the use of the year 1780 in Jameson marketing as the Bow Street Distillery was where Jameson Irish Whiskey was born. Portraits of John and Margaret Jameson by Sir Henry Raeburn are in the collection of the National Gallery of Ireland. Johnnie Walker Scotch whisky Johnnie Walker Scotch whisky Template:/box-header List of alcoholic beverages Cocktails with cachaça List of cocktails List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita List of fruit brandies List of gins List of IBA official cocktails List of liqueurs List of national liquors List of tequilas List of vodkas List of whisky/whiskey brands Producers List of distilleries in Maryland List of distilleries in Portland, Oregon List of whisky distilleries in Scotland List of wineries, breweries, and distilleries in New Jersey Template:/box-footer Template:/box-header The following stub articles can be expanded. Bartending stubs Distilled beverage stubs Mixed drink stubs Whisky stubsTemplate:/box-footer Template:/box-header Select [►] to view subcategories ▼ Distilled beverages ► Brandies ► Gins ► Liqueurs ► Rums ► Tequila ► Vodkas ► Whisky ▼ Distilleries ► Distilleries in Canada ► Distilleries in Scotland ► Distilleries in Switzerland ► Distilleries in the United States Template:/box-footer Template:/box-header – Whisky – – Cocktails – – Producers – – Glassware – – Governance – Template:/box-footer Template:/box-header Template:/box-footer Template:/box-header Beer Wine Drink Coffee Food Agriculture and Agronomy Business and economics Bacon Template:/box-footer Template:/box-header WikiProject Spirits Wikiproject Wine WikiProject Beer WikiProject Bartending WikiProject Food and Drink WikiProject Agriculture WikiProject Breakfast Wikiproject Bacon Template:/box-footer Template:/box-header More Wikimedia content about distilled beverages More Wikimedia content about distilleries Template:/box-footer Template:/box-header Distilled spirit. Encyclopædia Britannica. Distilled beverages (category). Wiktionary. Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits. U.S. Government Publishing Office. The Distilled Spirits Council of the United StatesTemplate:/box-footer Template:/box-header All Portals Overview Glossaries Indices Lists Outlines Categories Reference Culture Geography Health History Mathematics Nature People Philosophy Religion Society Technology Featured portals About portals Template:/box-footer