Portal:South Carolina

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The SOUTH CAROLINA Portal

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Harbour Town July 2007.jpg

Hilton Head Island or Hilton Head is a town (located on an island of the same name) in Beaufort County, South Carolina. It is 20 miles (32 km) north of Savannah, Georgia, and 95 miles (153 km) south of Charleston, South Carolina. The 12 miles (19 km) of Atlantic Ocean beachfront are among the most popular vacation destinations on the east coast. An estimated 2.25 million visitors pumped more than $1.5 billion into the local economy in 2004, .[1] A year-round population was 33,862 can swell to over 275,000 during the peak of summer vacation season.[2]

The island has a rich history that started with seasonal occupation by native Americans thousands of years ago, and continued with European exploration and the Sea Island Cotton trade. It became an important base of operations for the Union blockade of the Southern ports during the Civil War. Once the island fell to Union troops, hundreds of ex-slaves flocked to Hilton Head, which is still home to many 'native islanders', many of whom are descendants of freed slaves known as the Gullah (or Geechee) who have managed to hold on to much of their ethnic and cultural identity.

The Town of Hilton Head Island incorporated as a municipality in 1983 and is well known for its "eco-friendly" development. The Town's Natural Resources Division enforces the Land Management Ordinance which minimizes the impact of development and governs the style of buildings and how they are situated amongst existing trees.[3] As a result, Hilton Head Island enjoys an unusual amount of tree cover relative to the amount of development.[4]

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Francis Marion (February 26, 1732–February 27, 1795) was a lieutenant colonel in the Continental Army and later brigadier general in the South Carolina Militia during the American Revolutionary War. He became known as the "Swamp Fox" for his ability to use decoys and ambushes to disrupt enemy communications, capture supplies, and free prisoners. His use of guerrilla tactics helped set in motion the decline of open battles in the conflict, but early records indicate that he was a sailor before the Revolutionary War.

Marion is considered one of the fathers of modern guerrilla warfare, and is credited in the lineage of the United States Army Rangers.

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  1. "Employment Fast Facts," Hilton Head Island - Bluffton Chamber of Commerce - Accessed January 31, 2007.
  2. "Consolidated Municipal Budget Fiscal Year July 1, 2006 - June 30, 2007," Town of Hilton Head Island, Accessed July 6, 2007.
  3. "20 Who Made a Difference," Lowcountry Now (Savannah Morning News), 2003 - Accessed February 16, 2007.
  4. Gale B. "Hilton Head: the canopy view," American Forests, November-December 1990. Accessed February 16, 2007.