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The
University of Cambridge (informally "Cambridge University", or simply "Cambridge"), located in the city of
Cambridge, England, is the
second oldest university in the English-speaking world and the fourth oldest in Europe. The name is sometimes abbreviated as
Cantab. in
post-nominals, a shortened form of
Cantabrigiensis (an adjective derived from
Cantabrigia, the Latinised form of
Cambridge). The university grew out of an association of scholars in the city of Cambridge that was formed,
early records suggest, in 1209 by scholars leaving the
University of Oxford after a dispute with townsfolk there. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge are often jointly referred to as "
Oxbridge". In addition to cultural and practical associations as a historic part of British society, the two universities also have a long
history of rivalry with each other. Academically, Cambridge is consistently
ranked in the world's top five universities and as a premier leading university in Europe by numerous media and academic rankings. The University's alumni include
88 Nobel Laureates as of 2012
[update]. (
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From 1748 to 1909, the
University of Cambridge published a list of the rankings of the mathematicians in each year. The
Senior or Second Wranglers were those who obtained the top marks in the
Mathematical Tripos, the
undergraduate mathematics examination. The prestige associated with the position of Senior Wrangler gradually increased through the course of its existence. In its heyday, the 19th century, the results of the exams would be reported in the major newspapers, such as
The Times. Second Wranglers (the runners-up) such as
James Clerk Maxwell (
pictured) and
William Thomson, went on to make considerable contributions to their fields. The order of merit listings began in 1748 and ended in 1909. The two top colleges in terms of number of Senior Wranglers are
Trinity and
St John's with 56 and 54 respectively. Obtaining the position of a highly ranked Wrangler created many opportunities for the individual's subsequent profession. They would often become
Fellows initially, but these were only short term appointments in most cases, before the individual moved on to other professions, such as law, the Church or medicine. (
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Charles Darwin was an
English naturalist who proposed and provided evidence for the
theory that all
species have
evolved over time from a
common ancestor through the process of
natural selection. This theory came to be accepted by the
scientific community in modified form, forming much of the basis of
modern evolutionary theory, a cornerstone of
biology. Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his course in
medicine at
Edinburgh University and instead help to investigate
marine invertebrates, then the
University of Cambridge encouraged a passion for
natural science. His
five-year voyage on the
Beagle established him as a prominent
geologist whose observations and theories supported
uniformitarianism. Puzzled by the geographical distribution of wildlife and
fossils he collected on the voyage, Darwin investigated the
transmutation of species and conceived his theory of natural selection in 1838. In 1858,
Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay describing a similar theory, causing the two to publish their theories in a joint publication. His 1859 book
On the Origin of Species established evolution by
common descent as the dominant scientific explanation of the
diversity of life in nature. (
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The Jerwood Library of Trinity Hall, Cambridge. The trail of lights over the bridge are from the lamps of passing cyclists. Designed by the architects Freeland Rees Roberts, the library backs onto the River Cam and was opened in 1999.
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The King, observing with judicious eyes
The state of both his universities,
To Oxford sent a troop of horse, and why?
That learned body wanted loyalty;
To Cambridge books, as very well discerning
How much that loyal body wanted learning.
(lines written on George I's donation of the Bishop of Ely's Library to Cambridge University)
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- Colleges
Christ’s • Churchill • Clare • Clare Hall • Corpus Christi • Darwin • Downing • Emmanuel • Fitzwilliam • Girton • Gonville and Caius • Homerton • Hughes Hall • Jesus • King’s • Lucy Cavendish • Magdalene • Murray Edwards (New Hall) • Newnham • Pembroke • Peterhouse • Queens’ • Robinson • St Catharine’s • St Edmund’s • St John’s • Selwyn • Sidney Sussex • Trinity • Trinity Hall • Wolfson Template:/box-footer
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