Public body (Netherlands)

For the Caribbean public bodies, see Caribbean Netherlands.

In the Netherlands, the term public body (a literal translation from the Dutch term openbaar lichaam) is the general denomination for administrative divisions within the Dutch state, such as the central government, a province, a municipality or a water board. These types of political entities are defined by the Dutch constitution.

In addition, Article 134 of the constitution provides for the definition of other public bodies by law. Such bodies can be professionally oriented, like the Dutch Order of Advocates (Dutch: Nederlandse Orde van Advocaten), or be constituted to perform functions in a specific region. This means that the term public body is sometimes used to indicate a special or irregular type of public body (without a specifically defined name), which can also be an administrative division or a certain other type of governmental organisation.

Caribbean Netherlands

The three islands Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba became public bodies parts of the Netherlands proper on October 10, 2010, but are not part of any province. Collectively they are officially known as Caribbean Netherlands (Dutch: Caribisch Nederland). Although part of the Netherlands, these special municipalities will remain overseas territories of the European Union until 2015.

In the absence of a King's Commissioner the Islands have a joint "Kingdom Representative," so the official Dutch translation for the Rijksvertegenwoordiger voor de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba, who has an office on each of the Islands. In 2011 Wilbert Stolte, a member of the conservative CDA party and former municipal politician in The Hague, has been appointed to hold this office for six years.

Flag	Arms	Special municipality	Capital	Lieutenant Governor	Area(km²)	Population	Density (per km²)
		Bonaire (Papiamento: Boneiru)	Kralendijk	Edison Rijna	294	15,414	52
		Sint Eustatius	Oranjestad	Gerald Berkel	21	3,300	157
		Saba	The Bottom	Jonathan Johnson	13	2,000	154

It is proposed to give Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba another status, the status of Caribbean public bodies. This proposal is not finalized, at it is not in parliament yet.

Other examples

Another notable example of an administrative division merely denoted as "public bodies" is Rijnmond (Dutch: openbaar lichaam Rijnmond) (1964–1986).

On a regional level, municipalities, provinces, water boards and the Caribbean public bodies can constitute internal or umbrella public bodies, as defined by the law on common arrangements (Dutch: wet gemeenschappelijke regelingen). Examples of such bodies include:

• Plus regions/city regions (Dutch: Plusregio's/stadsregio's): Organisations of urbanised regions, e.g. the plus regions "stadsregio Amsterdam", "stadsregio Rotterdam", "Samenwerkingsverband Regio Eindhoven", "Parkstad Limburg" and "Stadsregio Arnhem Nijmegen".
• Safety regions (Dutch: veiligheidsregio's): Organisations coordinating disaster management, fire fighting etc.
• Social services organisations covering several municipalities.

See also

• Administrative division
• Statutory corporation
• Sui generis - a common law idea that is analogous to parts of this concept