Pyrodictium

Pyrodictium
Scientific classification
Domain:	Archaea
Kingdom:	Crenarchaeota
Phylum:	Crenarchaeota
Class:	Thermoprotei
Order:	Desulfurococcales
Family:	Pyrodictiaceae
Genus:	Pyrodictium Stetter, König & Stackebrandt, 1984
Species
P. abyssi P. brockii P. occultum

In taxonomy, Pyrodictium is a genus of the Pyrodictiaceae. It is a genus of submarine hyperthermophilic archaea whose optimal growth temperature ranges is 80 to 105 °C. They have a unique cell structure involving a network of cannulae and flat, disk-shaped cells. Pyrodictium are found in the porous walls of deep-sea vents where the temperatures inside get as high as 400 °C, while the outside marine environment is typically 3 °C. Pyrodictium is apparently able to adapt morphologically to this type of hot–cold habitat.

Genome structure

Much research has been done on the genetics of Pyrodictium in order to understand its ability to survive and even thrive in such extreme temperatures. The thermal stability of Pyrodictum occultum's isolate tRNA has been analyzed, indicating that modifications in the nucleosides allow the organism to withstand temperatures well over 100 °C.

Cell structure and metabolism

Pyrodictium cells have been studied by scientists in part because they are a model of thermal stability. The cells' structure is a flat, irregular disk, 3 to 25 nanometres in diameter and up to 3 nanometres in width. The cells grow in unique flake-like shapes held together by a network of hollow cannulae (tubules). The cannulae branch out and connect with other cells, greatly extending their range. While the exact reason for this morphology is unknown, it is likely that the range of motion provided by the cannulae allow the cells to move freely when by the thermal energy from the extreme heat of the organisms's environment. The large size range of the cells may allow Pyrodictium to inhabit a variety of pores in the deep-sea vent walls.

Ecology

Members of Pyrodictium are located in deep-sea hydrothermal vents, first discovered in 1979. Their ecological significance remains a mystery because of the difficulty in collecting samples which may yield data on the abundance and diversity of these extremophile.

Further reading

Scientific databases

• PubMed references for Pyrodictium
• PubMed Central references for Pyrodictium
• Google Scholar references for Pyrodictium

External links

• NCBI taxonomy page for Pyrodictium
• Search Tree of Life taxonomy pages for Pyrodictium
• Search Species2000 page for Pyrodictium
• MicrobeWiki page for Pyrodictium
• LSPN page for Pyrodictium