Ralph Soupault

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"To ensure your security—vote French." Cartoon by Soupault showing a Frenchman defending himself from the forces of National Socialism, Socialism, Communism and Freemasonry (Le Charivari magazine, 1936)

Raphaël Ernest Louis Soupault (5 October 1904 – 12 October 1962) was a French caricaturist and illustrator.

Biography

Ralph Soupault was born at Les Sables-d'Olonne in the department of Vendée, Pays de la Loire. Soupault was nourished both by the history of the Vendéean counter-revolution and by socialist and secular ideas (through his father, a teacher). A scholarship student at the Lycée Condorcet, he belonged to the university group of the "Friends of Le Popular".

After studying at the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs and the Beaux-Arts de Paris, he published his first drawing in L'Humanité in 1921 before collaborating with the Journal du Peuple, the Hommes du Jour, the Petit Parisien, etc.

In 1924, he came back from his military service fiercely nationalist and got closer to the Maurrassians (Courrier Royal, Aspects de la France, Le Charivari). At the same time, he continued to collaborate with Gringoire, Le Rire and other humoristic publications.

He illustrated an edition of Brillat-Savarin's Physiology of Taste and worked for the magazine Comœdia.

Following the re-election of Jacques Doriot,[1] dissident of the Communist Party and founder of the French Popular Party (PPF), Soupault joined this movement. A friend of Louis-Ferdinand Céline, he was the star cartoonist of Je suis partout, in which his art, in line with the editorial line of the newspaper, was expressed in anti-Semitic, anti-Masonic, anti-Communist cartoons, and in opposition to the politicians of the Third Republic, the Allies, the Gaullists and the Resistance.[2]

After World War II, he fled to Tyrol with his friend Henri Lèbre, a journalist of the Je suis partout.

In February 1947, he was sentenced by the Court of Justice to fifteen years of hard labor for "intelligence with the enemy"[3][4] and served five years in prison.[5] That same year, under the pen name "Rio", he published his memoir Fresnes: Reportage d'un témoin, about the author's own experiences in Fresnes Prison. He was released from prison in November 1950 for health reasons and became a cartoonist for the political weekly Rivarol, under the pseudonym "Leno".[6] He also works for Fleurus editions (Cœurs Vaillants, Âmes Vaillantes, Perlin et Pinpin, Fripounet et Marisette) under the name "Jean-François Guindeau".

Ralph Soupault died at Cauterets in the Hautes-Pyrénées department.

Notes

  1. ↑ As deputy for the Seine in 1936
  2. ↑ Vimont, Jean-Claude (2004). "Images Ambiguës d’un Navire Immobile: La Prison de Fresnes des Épures", Sociétés & Représentations, No. 18, pp. 217–31.
  3. ↑ "Quinze ans de travaux à Ralph Soupault," Le Monde (3 février 1947).
  4. ↑ " Le caricaturiste Ralph Soupault en Cour de Justice," Le Monde (1er février 1947).
  5. ↑ Rivarol (23 août 1962), p. 6.
  6. ↑ Assouline, Pierre (1996). L'Épuration des intellectuels. Bruxelles: Complexe, p. 128.

References

  • Caloyanni, Emmanuel (2009). Ralph Soupault, Dessinateur de l'Extrême. La Crèche: Geste.
  • Delporte, Christian (1993). Les Crayons de la Propagande. Paris: CNRS-Éditions.

External links

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