Rivesville, West Virginia

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Rivesville, West Virginia
Town
Location of Rivesville, West Virginia
Location of Rivesville, West Virginia
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Country United States
State West Virginia
County Marion
Area[1]
 • Total 0.59 sq mi (1.53 km2)
 • Land 0.52 sq mi (1.35 km2)
 • Water 0.07 sq mi (0.18 km2)
Elevation 866 ft (264 m)
Population (2010)[2]
 • Total 934
 • Estimate (2012[3]) 941
 • Density 1,796.2/sq mi (693.5/km2)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 26588
Area code(s) 304
FIPS code 54-68908[4]
GNIS feature ID 1545784[5]

Rivesville is a town and former coal town in Marion County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 934 at the 2010 census.

Geography

Rivesville is located at Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (39.530276, -80.119063)[6] in the heart of the Fairmont coal field[7] on the north-west bank of the Monongahela River around its confluence with Paw Paw Creek.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.59 square miles (1.53 km2), of which, 0.52 square miles (1.35 km2) is land and 0.07 square miles (0.18 km2) is water.[1]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1860 54 —
1870 63 16.7%
1880 136 115.9%
1890 165 21.3%
1900 164 −0.6%
1910 190 15.9%
1920 1,061 458.4%
1930 1,700 60.2%
1940 1,552 −8.7%
1950 1,343 −13.5%
1960 1,191 −11.3%
1970 1,108 −7.0%
1980 1,327 19.8%
1990 1,064 −19.8%
2000 913 −14.2%
2010 934 2.3%
Est. 2014 943 [8] 1.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[9]

2010 census

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 934 people, 402 households, and 261 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,796.2 inhabitants per square mile (693.5/km2). There were 430 housing units at an average density of 826.9 per square mile (319.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.7% White, 0.6% African American, 0.5% Native American, and 0.1% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.3% of the population.

There were 402 households of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.3% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.1% were non-families. 29.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.83.

The median age in the town was 42.1 years. 21.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.3% were from 25 to 44; 30.1% were from 45 to 64; and 16.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 46.6% male and 53.4% female.

2000 census

As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 913 people, 400 households, and 268 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,602.5 inhabitants per square mile (618.4/km²). There were 450 housing units at an average density of 789.8 per square mile (304.8/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.80% White, 0.11% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.33% Asian, and 0.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.55% of the population.

There were 400 households out of which 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 19.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the town the population was spread out with 19.1% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $25,700, and the median income for a family was $35,417. Males had a median income of $26,875 versus $19,063 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,085. About 16.4% of families and 19.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.9% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.

History

The first stories of temporary European settlement in the Rivesville area involve a Boston native, Pompey Leggett, who settled briefly in the area in 1694, but the first permanent settlements along the Monongahela were not established until after the French and Indian War in 1763. Frontier forts and frequent clashes between Europeans and native Americans continued for several decades.[10]

In 1900, it was a very small town, population 164, growing to 190 in 1910. This was immediately before the development of large-scale coal mining in the area and the subsequent population growth.[11]

In the early 20th century, Rivesville was at the junction between the Pawpaw branch of the B&O Railroad and the Buckhannon & Northern Railroad, a branch of the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie a predecessor that was incorporated into the Monongahela Railway formed in 1915.[12]

Rivesville was also served by the Fairmont-Clarksburg Division of the Monongahela-West Pen Railways, originally the Monongahela Power and Railway Company. This electric interurban line ran from Fairmont through Rivesville to the Rivesville Power Station, just north of town.[13]

Institutions

Schools

The Rivesville Elementary/Middle school is administered by the Marion County Schools.[14] It has 37 teachers and has been affiliated with the West Virginia University Benedum Collaborative as a Professional Development School since 1997. Mark Stutler is currently principal. Based on 2007 test scores, the school ranked close to average for the state of West Virginia. In 2007, the school enrolled 338 students between kindergarten and grade 8.[15]

Power plant

The Rivesville Power Plant was built by Monongahela Power and Railway Company in 1919 and is currently operated by Allegheny Energy.[16] Unit 5, installed in 1944 had a power output of 48 megawatts; Unit 6, installed in 1951, was 94 megawatts.[17][18][19] The plant used open loop cooling, drawing up to 69.8 million gallons per day of cooling water from the Monongahela River.[20] The coal stockpile at the plant had a capacity of 50,000 tons, and coal was delivered by barge.[21] Earlier, coal was delivered by rail.[22] The plant was connected to the grid by 138Kv transmission lines.[23] In the mid 1970s, this was the first commercial power plant to use fluidized bed combustion to fire its boilers.[24] As of 2007, this power plant employed 33 people.[25] New environmental regulations forced the company to shut down the plant in 2012, along with two others elsewhere in the state.[26]

Coal mining

About the only area around Rivesville where the coal has not been mined out is directly under the older portion of the town and under the riverbed. Consolidation Coal Company Mine No. 97 was in the Pittsburgh coal seam around 100 feet below the level of the riverbed. This mine operated between 1922 and 1954, with a peak production of 670408 tons per year.[27] The coal seam itself is 6 to 8 feet thick. The number 97 Hoist Shaft was directly west of the westernmost corner of the Power Plant, with the hoisting engines to the north across the tracks. Consol. Mine No. 24 was directly across the river, with its shaft in the company town of Montana Mines, and in 1943, plans were filed to connect these mines with an under-river crossing.[28] In 1934, Consol. No. 97 employed 412 men, all of whom were UMWA members. The daily wage ranged from $6.37 for loaders to $9.29 for cutters.[29]

The Parker Run Coal & Coke Co. Mine at Rivesville, circa 1913.

Other mines in the area exploited the shallower Sewickley Coal Seam, largely above the river level to the north and east. Between 1901 and 1913,[30][31] for example, the Parker Run Coal and Coke Company operated a mine just east of Rivesville, shipping coal by rail and barge. In 1910, this mine employed 60 miners.[32] In 1913, it employed 10 laborers and 25 miners to take 500 tons of coal a day. The coal in this seam was over 6 feet thick, but higher in sulfur than the Pittsburgh seam. Mines in the Sewickley seam were opened earlier and mined out earlier than the mines in the Pittsburgh Seam.[33]

In 1913, the Monongahela Valley Traction Company had a mine in the even shallower Waynesburg coal seam about a mile southwest of Rivesville near Dakota. This coal seam was about 5 feet thick, including an intermediate shale bed one foot thick.[34] By 1921, Monongahela Traction had opened a second mine in the area near Baxter, about a mile up Paw Paw creek.[35] As of 1921, other mines listed as being in Rivesville included the Rivesville Coal Company's Hood Mine, the Winfield Coal Company's River Side Mine, and the Virginia & Pittsburgh Coal & Coke Co.'s Morgan mine.

Notable person

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Coalfields of the Appalachian Mountains
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ History, from www.monriver.org
  11. ↑ Ray V. Hennen, David B. Berger, I.C. White, West Virginia Geological Survey, Marion, Monongalia and Taylor Counties, Wheeling News Litho. Co., Wheeling, 1913, page 35.
  12. ↑ The History of the Monongahela Coalfields - 1900 to the Present
  13. ↑ Monongahela - West Pen part of Bill's Trolley Pages
  14. ↑ List of schools from the Marion County Schools web page
  15. ↑ Rivesville Elementary/Middle School web page from City-Data.com
  16. ↑ Huilan Li, Economic Evaluation of Air Pollution Reduction of Phase I Power Plants in West Virginia: An Output Distance Function Approach, PhD thesis, West Virginia University, 2006. See Appendix D.
  17. ↑ Allegheny Generating Company, Form 10-K405 SEC Filing, March 30, 2001
  18. ↑ Allegheny Energy, Form 8-K SEC filing, Oct 31, 2000.
  19. ↑ Monongahela Power Co., Form POS AMC SEC filing, Apr. 4, 1994.
  20. ↑ Water Use Benchmarks for Thermoelectric Power Generation, Department of Geography and Environmental Resources, Southern Ill. U., Aug. 15, 2006
  21. ↑ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Port Series No. 60, Pittsburgh, PA, and Ports on the Ohio, Monongahela, and Allegheny Rivers, 2004 Survey
  22. ↑ Pennsylvania Trolley Museum, Monongahela Valley Traction Company Car #3000, Oct 17, 2005.
  23. ↑ Electric Industry Restructuring Group,Electric Industry Restructuring: Opportunities and Risks for West Virginia, Interim Report No. 5: Transmission Enhancement and Expansion, West Virginia University, January 1998. Section 5.2.
  24. ↑ Fluidized Bed Technology -- An R&D Success Story, U.S. Department of Energy, Oct. 24, 2006.
  25. ↑ Allegheny Energy's Harrison and Rivesville Power Stations Recertified as VPP Star Worksites Allegheny Energy press release, Nov. 15, 2007.
  26. ↑ FirstEnergy, Citing Impact of Environmental Regulations, Will Retire Three Coal-Fired Power Plants in West Virginia, FirstEnergy press release, Feb. 8, 2012.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Document No. 904913 West Virginia Coal Bed Mapping Project
  29. ↑ letter from Henry W. Francis to the Federal Emergency Relief Administration dated Nov. 25, 1934.
  30. ↑ Samuel B. Brown, Bulletin No. 1, West Virginia Geologic Survey, Acme Publishing Co., Morgantown, 1901, page 343
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Annual Report of the Department of Mines for the Year Ending June 30, 1910, West Virginia Department of Mines, The News Mail Co., Charlston, 1911, page 18
  33. ↑ Ray V. Hennen, David B. Berger, I.C. White, West Virginia Geological Survey, Marion, Monongalia and Taylor Counties, Wheeling News Litho. Co., Wheeling, 1913, pages 660-661.
  34. ↑ Ray V. Hennen, David B. Berger, I.C. White, West Virginia Geological Survey, Marion, Monongalia and Taylor Counties, Wheeling News Litho. Co., Wheeling, 1913, page 242.
  35. ↑ List of Coal Mines in West Virginia, July 1, 1921, West Virginia Geological Survey, page 14.
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