Royal Netherlands Motorized Infantry Brigade
During the Second World War, the Royal Netherlands Motorized Infantry Brigade was a military unit initially formed from approximately 1,500 Dutch troops, including a small group guarding German prisoners-of-war, who arrived in the United Kingdom in May 1940 following the collapse of the Netherlands. Elements of this force became the nucleus of what was originally called the "Dutch Legion." Veterans of the Princess Irene Brigade who were members of the Dutch Army stationed at Wrottesley Park, Wolverhampton during World War II were given the status of Freemen of the City of Wolverhampton on 19 August 2006.
History
Although augmented by conscription from overseas citizens from Canada, the United States, the Middle East, the Dutch West Indies (Netherlands Antilles and Suriname), South Africa and Argentina; the Dutch force grew very slowly as troops were detached for other duties i.e. the Commandos, the Navy etc. While some 500 Surinamese volunteered for service in the brigade, they were rejected by the Dutch government, on the grounds that their racial background might cause offense to volunteers and conscripts from South Africa.[1] (Some Dutch West Indian personnel nevertheless later saw action with the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army in the Pacific theatre.)
On 11 February 1941, by approval of Queen Wilhelmina, the Dutch Legion gained a new name, the Prinses Irene Brigade (P.I.B.).
On 6 August 1944, the first troops of the P.I.B landed at Graye-sur-Mer Normandy, in northern France. Later, the main force landed and the P.I.B. served under the 1st Canadian Army until it moved forward with the British Second Army. Heavy fighting took place around the Chateau St Come ("Hellfire Corner") and the brigade liberated Pont Audemer in the progress.
In mid September, the P.I.B. became involved in fighting with German forces at the town of Beringen and crossed into Dutch territory on 20 September 1944 at Borkel en Schaft. Around this time, the brigade was also involved in combating the Dutch Waffen-SS volunteer formation the Landstorm Nederland. From 26 September, the P.I.B guarded the bridge spanning the River Maas at Grave. The bridge, now called John S. Thompsonbrug, was then the longest bridge in Europe.
After Operation Market Garden, the operation to capture bridges across the Rhine at Arnhem, the P.I.B moved south. On 24 October, the P.I.B. was ordered to go to Tilburg to attack the town from the south while the 51st (Highland) Infantry Division attacked from the east. The P.I.B. was unable to get to Tilburg and was stranded at Broekhoven, where fighting took place and four soldiers were killed.
The Prinses Irene Brigade spent the winter of 1944/45 in the region of Walcheren and North Beveland (Zeeland), losing several soldiers. From Zeeland, the P.I.B. went back to Noord-Brabant.
On 31 March 1945, the commander of the P.I.B., Colonel de Ruyter van Steveninck, said goodbye to the three platoons of Marines; the latter subsequently formed II Independent Company and were sent to the USA to join the Royal Netherlands Marines Brigade, who had originally assigned these troops to the P.I.B. so the brigade would have enough troops participating in the liberation of Europe, as requested by the British government. The gap left by the Dutch Marines was filled with replacements from the volunteers from the liberated parts of the Netherlands, who had been trained at Bergen Op Zoom under the command of Frank Looringh van Beeck, a South African officer.
On 2 March 1945, the P.I.B. was put under the command of the Netherlands District, under Major General A Galloway, based at the HQ in the town of Tilburg.
Operation "Orange"
The P.I.B was involved in heavy fighting in the town of Hedel, north of Den Bosch, on the River Maas in April 1945. The P.I.B. was to link up with the 30 Royal Marines, of the 116th Infantry Brigade Royal Marines, at Kerkdriel in an attempt to liberate the Bommelerwaard. However, the Royal Marines gave up due to German opposition in the town of Kerkdriel, leaving the P.I.B. stranded at the bridgehead of Hedel.[citation needed] The Prinses Irene Brigade was under command of the 116th Infantry Brigade Royal Marines at this time. Still, they fought the Germans with great gallantry, and were able to hold the town for three days. In these fights, the P.I.B. lost twelve men; around thirty were wounded. Several Gallantry medals were later awarded for actions in Hedel. At 11:15 hours on 25 April the order to withdraw from the bridgehead, in Hedel, came from 116th Infantry Brigade Royal Marines. At 23:30 hours III Independent Company withdrew from the town as the last unit to the south side of the river Maas. This effort was completed at 00:30 hours on 26 April.
The Prinses Irene Brigade entered The Hague on 9 May 1945 as liberators. After the war, the traditions of the brigade were perpetuated by the Garderegiment Fuseliers Prinses Irene.
Order of battle (1944)
- I Motorized Independed Infantry Company
- II Motorized Independed Infantry Company
- III Motorized Independed Infantry Company
- Reconnaissance Company (Disbanded 31 March 1945)
- One Artillery Battery (six 25 pounders)
- Brigade Signals
- Brigade Maintenance
References
- ↑ Buddingh', Hans. De geschiedenis van Suriname. Nieuw Amsterdam, 2012, page 280.
