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SM UB-50

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For other ships with the same name, see German submarine U-50.
UB 148 at sea 2.jpeg
UB-148 at sea, a U-boat similar to UB-50.
History
German Empire
Name: UB-50
Ordered: 20 May 1916[1]
Builder: Blohm & Voss, Hamburg
Cost: 3,276,000 German Papiermark
Yard number: 295
Launched: 6 January 1917
Commissioned: 12 July 1917
Fate: surrendered 16 January 1919; broken up at Swansea[2]
General characteristics [3]
Class & type: German Type UB III submarine
Displacement:
  • 516 t (508 long tons) surfaced
  • 651 t (641 long tons) submerged[2]
Length:

55.30 m (181 ft 5 in) (o/a)

[2]
Beam: 5.80 m (19.0 ft)[2]
Draught: 3.68 m (12 ft 1 in)[2]
Propulsion:
Speed:
  • 13.6 knots (25.2 km/h; 15.7 mph) surfaced
  • 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) submerged[2]
Range:
  • 9,040 nmi (16,740 km; 10,400 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) surfaced
  • 55 nmi (102 km; 63 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged[2]
Test depth: 50 m (160 ft)
Complement: 3 officers, 31 men[2]
Armament:
Service record
Part of:
  • Pola/Mittelmeer II Flotilla
  • 30 September 1917 – 11 November 1918
Commanders:
  • Kptlt. Franz Becker[1]
  • 12 July 1917 – 30 June 1918
  • Oblt.z.S. Heinrich Kukat[1]
  • 1 July – 29 November 1918
Operations: 7 patrols
Victories:
  • 39 merchant ships sunk (98,071 GRT)
  • 7 merchant ships damaged (25,172 GRT)
  • 1 warship sunk (16,350 tons)[1]

SM UB-50 was a German Type UB III submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 20 May 1916. She was commissioned into the Pola Flotilla of the German Imperial Navy on 12 July 1917 as SM UB-50.[nb 1]

The submarine conducted seven patrols and sank 38 ships during the war for a total loss of 97,284 gross register tons (GRT). She operated as part of the Pola Flotilla based in Cattaro. UB-50 surrendered on 16 January 1919 with the remainder of the Pola Flotilla following an order by Admiral Reinhard Scheer to return to port. During her passage through the Straits of Gibraltar, she managed to sink the battleship HMS Britannia. UB-50 was later broken up at Swansea.[2]

Construction

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Main article: German Type UB III submarine

UB-50 was ordered by the German Imperial Navy on 20 May 1916. She was built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg and following just under a year of construction, launched at Hamburg on 6 January 1917. UB-50 was commissioned later that same year under the command of Kapitänleutnant (Kptlt.) Franz Becker. Like all Type UB III submarines, UB-50 carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with an 8.8 cm (3.5 in) deck gun. UB-50 could carry a crew of up to 34 men and had a cruising range of 9,040 nautical miles (16,740 km; 10,400 mi).[2] UB-50 had a displacement of 516 t (508 long tons) while surfaced and 651 t (641 long tons) when submerged. Her engines enabled her to travel at 13.6 knots (25.2 km/h; 15.7 mph) when surfaced and 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) when submerged.[2]

Service history

First patrol

Soon after she left Pola, UB-50 encountered the William H. Crawford, a 1,593 GRT American sailing ship. It sank after an attack from the U-boat stopped her.[4] Four days later, UB-50 sighted the 800 GRT British barge R.B.40. UB 50 launched a torpedo which instead hit the British tug towing the ship, the 121 GRT H.s.3. The tug sank, but the barge was not sunk.[5] The following day, UB-50 found two Portuguese sailboats Correiro De Sines and Comizianes Da Graca at 30 GRT and 32 GRT respectively.[6] They were sunk 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) north of Cape Sines.[7] A day later, she found the Portuguese 233 GRT ship Sado, which she sank about 16 nautical miles (30 km; 18 mi) south of her prey the day before.[8] Four days later, UB-50 finally encountered and sank a merchant, this being the 3,611 GRT British Polar Prince, carrying coal for Malta.[9] Two days later, she sank the Fabian, a 2,246 GRT British steamer going to Liverpool, killing three.[10] Later that day, she sank the Gioffredo Mameli, a 4,124 GRT ton Italian steamer carrying ore.[11] The 2,464 GRT coal carrying Greek steamer Alkyon was attacked two days later by UB-50, sinking close off Oran.[12] The UB 50 followed up with the sinking of the 1,670 GRT Norwegian steamer John Knudsen, killing one.[13] Four days later, the 296 GRT Italian sailboat Ciro was scuttled after being hit by UB-50,[14] the last ship she would sink before returning to base.

Second patrol

SM UB-50 began her second patrol with the sinking of the Marc Fraissinet, a 3,060 GRT French steamer carrying wood, munitions, and hay to Bizerte. It sank 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) north of Tabarca after being torpedoed by UB-50.[15] Later that day UB 50 encountered the Senegal, an 845 GRT Italian steamer, sinking her off the coast of Algeria with no casualties.[16] Three days after that, the Margram Abbey, a 4,367 GRT British steamer carrying coal, was found and torpedoed by UB-50. It was beached off of the coast of Algeria, but the torpedo damage, which killed two, had wrecked the ship.[17] UB 50 attacked the Antaeus, a 3,061 GRT British steamer, three days later off of Cape Bon. There were no casualties, but the captain was taken prisoner. On the following day, UB 50 torpedoed the Amberton, a 4,556 GRT British steamer, but she was only damaged.[18] Four days later, the submarine found her last target of her second patrol, the 2,774 GRT American steamer Rizal, which sank 9 nautical miles (17 km; 10 mi) from Cape Cavallo.[19]

Third patrol

UB-50 started out her third patrol by finding and sinking the 9 GRT Italian sailboat S. Giuseppe B. off the coast of Africa.[20] She sank the 8,293 GRT British steamer City of Lucknow two days later 50 nautical miles (93 km; 58 mi) northeast of the Cani Rocks.[21] On Christmas Day, 1917, UB-50 sank the Sant’ Antonio, an 843 GRT Italian sailing vessel, by gunfire near Bizerte.[22] On New Year's Day, 1918, the Egyptian Transport, a 4,648 GRT British steamer, was damaged during an attack by UB-50, which killed five men. It was later beached but refloated.[23] Two days later, the Allanton, a 4,253 GRT British steamer carrying coal, was sunk by UB-50,[24] which also sunk the Steelville, a 3,649 GRT British steamer also carrying coal later that day.[25] Four days later, UB-50 torpedoed the Arab, a 4,191 GRT British steamer coal off the coast of Cape Serrat, killing 21.[26]

Fourth patrol

UB-50's fourth patrol was very successful. In less than a month, she sank six vessels. The first victim was the 2,457 GRT French steamer Saint Jean Ii, which went down 22 March 1918 off of Cap Bon.[27] That same day, UB-50 managed to damage the British steamer Shadwell off of Bizerta.[28] Four days later UB-50 sank the 11,495 GRT Italian steamer Volturno off of Bone (Annaba), Algeria.[29] On 6 April, UB-50 sank the French vessel Madeleine Iii and on 11 April, she sank the Italian sailing ship Carmela G and the British vessel Highland Prince.[30][31]

Fifth patrol

UB-50 began her fifth war patrol by damaging the 3,296 GRT British steamer Elswick Grange carrying coal off of the coast of Oran, killing one.[32] Two days later, she ran across the 3,152 GRT British steamer Mavisbrook carrying coal. She was torpedoed south east of Cabo de Gata, killing 18.[33] On that same day, she came upon the 168 GRT Danish three-masted iron-hulled schooner Kirstine Jesen, sinking after being fired upon from UB-50's deck gun with no deaths.[34] Two days later, the New Sweden, a 5,319 GRT Swedish steamer, was hit by UB-50 and sank.[35] Two days later, UB-50 found the 180 GRT Spanish steamer Maria Pia, which sank with no casualties.[36] Three days after that, the 117 GRT French sailboat Animal Lafont and 257 GRT Italian sailboat Santa Teresa were torpedoed by the U-boat with no casualties.[37][38]

Sixth patrol

Shortly before her sixth patrol, Oberleutnant zur See Heinrich Kukat took over command from Kptlt. Becker.[39] On her sixth patrol, UB-50 encountered the Imber, a 2,514 GRT British steamer and torpedoed her south of Cape St. Maria di Leuca, though she survived.[40] Three days later, UB-50 sank the War Swallow, a 5,216 GRT British merchant ship carrying coal from the River Tyne to Port Said.[41] Another three days passed before UB-50 found her next target, the Italian steamer Adria 1, a ship carrying cotton from Palermo to Tunis. It sank, but no lives were lost.[42] Two days later, the 5,257 GRT British steamer Upada was torpedoed by UB-50 killing three, but was only damaged.[43] UB-50 sank the Messidor, a 3,883 GRT British coal steamer two days later, sinking the ship and killing one.[44] The following day, she torpedoed the Rutherglen, a 4,214 GRT British steam merchant carrying coal.[45] That was followed by an attack on the Magellan, a 3,642 GRT British steamer on the following day. She sank with one man.[46] The last ship sunk on the patrol was the Antonio S., a 153 GRT Italian sailboat sunk off of the coast of Tunisia.[47]

Seventh patrol

Britannia sinking in the Atlantic off Cape Trafalgar on 9 November 1918.

On 9 November 1918, two days before the Armistice with Germany, UB-50 sank the British battleship HMS Britannia. The Britannia was on a voyage to Gibraltar when she was torpedoed off Cape Trafalgar.[48] After the initial explosion, the ship began listing ten degrees to port. A few minutes later, another explosion started a fire in a 9.2 in (230 mm)magazine, which resulted in a cordite explosion in the magazine. The Britannia stayed at 10-degrees for 2½ hours before sinking.[1][48] Its 16,350 gross register tons made it the largest ship the U-boat ever sank, and the only one UB-50 would sink during her last patrol.[49]

Summary of raiding career

Date Name Nationality Tonnage
(GRT)		 Fate[49]
8 September 1917 William H. Clifford  United States 1,593 Sunk
12 September 1917 HS 3  United Kingdom 121 Sunk
12 September 1917 RB 10  United Kingdom 800 Sunk
13 September 1917 Gomizianes Da Graça Odemira  Portugal 32 Sunk
13 September 1917 Correiro De Sines  Portugal 32 Sunk
14 September 1917 Sado  Portugal 196 Sunk
18 September 1917 Polar Prince  United Kingdom 3,611 Sunk
20 September 1917 Fabian  United Kingdom 2,246 Sunk
20 September 1917 Gioffredo Mameli  Kingdom of Italy 4,124 Sunk
22 September 1917 Alkyon  Greece 2,464 Sunk
22 September 1917 John Knudsen  Norway 1,670 Sunk
26 September 1917 Ciro  Kingdom of Italy 296 Sunk
28 October 1917 Marc Fraissinet  France 3,060 Sunk
28 October 1917 Senegal  Kingdom of Italy 845 Sunk
1 November 1917 Margam Abbey  United Kingdom 4,367 Sunk
4 November 1917 Antaeus  United Kingdom 3,061 Sunk
5 November 1917 Amberton  United Kingdom 4,556 Damaged
9 November 1917 Rizal  United States 2,744 Sunk
19 December 1917 S. Giuseppe B.  Kingdom of Italy 96 Sunk
21 December 1917 City Of Lucknow  United Kingdom 8,293 Sunk
25 December 1917 Sant’ Antonio  Kingdom of Italy 843 Sunk
1 January 1918 Egyptian Transport  United Kingdom 4,648 Damaged
3 January 1918 Allanton  United Kingdom 4,253 Sunk
3 January 1918 Steelville  United Kingdom 3,649 Sunk
7 January 1918 Arab  United Kingdom 4,191 Sunk
22 March 1918 Saint Jean II  France 2,457 Sunk
22 March 1918 Shadwell  United Kingdom 4,091 Damaged
26 March 1918 Volturno  Kingdom of Italy 11,495 Sunk
6 April 1918 Madeleine III  France 149 Sunk
11 April 1918 Carmela G  Kingdom of Italy 41 Sunk
11 April 1918 Highland Prince  United Kingdom 3,390 Sunk
17 May 1918 Elswick Grange  United Kingdom 3,926 Damaged
17 May 1918 Mavisbrook  United Kingdom 3,152 Sunk
19 May 1918 Kirstine Jensen  Denmark 168 Sunk
20 May 1918 New Sweden  Sweden 5,319 Sunk
22 May 1918 Maria Pia  Kingdom of Italy 180 Damaged
25 May 1918 Amiral Lafont  France 117 Sunk
25 May 1918 Santa Teresa  Kingdom of Italy 257 Sunk
13 July 1918 Imber  United Kingdom 2,514 Damaged
16 July 1918 War Swallow  United Kingdom 5,216 Sunk
19 July 1918 Adria 1  Kingdom of Italy 1,809 Sunk
21 July 1918 Upada  United Kingdom 5,257 Damaged
23 July 1918 Messidor  United Kingdom 3,883 Sunk
24 July 1918 Rutherglen  United Kingdom 4,214 Sunk
25 July 1918 Magellan  United Kingdom 3,642 Sunk
27 July 1918 Antonio S.  Kingdom of Italy 175 Sunk
9 November 1918 HMS Britannia  Royal Navy 16,350 Sunk

Notes

  1. ↑ "SM" stands for "Seiner Majestät" (English: His Majesty's) and combined with the U for Unterseeboot would be translated as His Majesty's Submarine.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 Gröner 1985, p. 53.
  3. ↑ Gröner 1985, pp. 52-53.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Bendert 2000, p. 130.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Burt, p. 253, says that Britannia listed 10 degrees within "minutes" of the first explosion, then held that list for 2½ hours before sinking, while Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1906-1921, p. 9, claims that she stayed afloat for a total of 3½ hours before sinking, making the length of time it took her to sink ambiguous
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Bibliography

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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