Willehad

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For the Frankish ruler of Burgundy, see Willibad.
Willehad
200px
Willehad of Bremen, from a woodcut of the Late Middle Ages
Missionary, Pilgrim and Bishop of Bremen
Born c. 735
Northumbria, England
Died 8 November 789
Blexen upon Weser, Germany
Venerated in Roman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
Major shrine Echternach, Luxembourg
Attributes bishop overturning idols
Patronage Saxony

Willehad or Willihad (Latin: Willehadus/Willihadus); c. 745 AD – 8 November 789 AD) was a Christian missionary and the Bishop of Bremen from 787 AD.

Willehad was born in Northumbria and probably received his education at York under Ecgbert.[1] A friend of Alcuin he was ordained after his education and, about the year 766, he went to Frisia,[1] preaching at Dokkum and in Overijssel,[2] to continue the missionary work of Boniface who had been martyred by the Frisians in 754. At an assembly in Paderborn in 777, Saxony was divided into missionary zones. The zone between the Weser and the Elbe, called Wigmodia, was given to Willehad.[3]

From 780 he preached in the region of the lower Weser River on commission from Charlemagne. He barely escaped with his life when the Frisians wanted to kill him as well and he returned to the area around Utrecht. Once again he and his fellow missionaries barely escaped with their lives when the local pagans wanted to kill them for destroying some temples.[2] Finally, in 780, Charlemagne sent him to evangelize the Saxons. He preached to them for two years but, in 782, the Saxons under Widukind, rebelled against Charlemagne and Willehad was forced to flee to Frisia. He took the opportunity to travel to Rome where he reported to Pope Adrian I on his work.[2]

Upon his return from Rome, Willehad retired for a time to the monastery of Echternach, in present day Luxembourg. He spent two years there reassembling his missionary team.

After Charlemagne's conquest of the Saxons, Willehad preached in the region about the lower Elbe and the lower Weser. In 787 Willehad was consecrated bishop, and that part of Saxony and Friesland about the mouth of the Weser assigned him for his diocese. He chose as his see the city of Bremen, which is mentioned for the first time in documents of 782, and built there a cathedral. Praised for its beauty by Anschar, it was dedicated in 789.[4]

Willehad died in Blexen upon Weser, today a part of Nordenham. He is buried in the city's cathedral, which he consecrated shortly before his death on 8 November 789.[1] Anschar compiled a life of Willehad, and the preface which he wrote was considered a masterpiece for that age.[5] In 860, a sick girl from Wege (Weyhe) travelled to his grave. There, she was apparently cured by a miracle. This was the first time the small village was mentioned in any historical documents.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Mershman, Francis. "St. Willehad." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 19 May 2013
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Butler, Alban. the Lives of the Saints, Vol. XI, 1866
  3. ↑ McKitterick 1983, p. 61.
  4. ↑ Lins, Joseph. "Bremen." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 19 May 2013
  5. ↑ Campbell, Thomas. "St. Anschar." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 19 May 2013

Sources

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External links

Willehad
Born: 745 in Northumbria Died: 8 November 789 in Blexen upon Weser
Catholic Church titles
New diocese Bishop of Bremen
787–789		 Vacant
Title next held by
Willerich
805–838
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