Skåne County

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Skåne County
Skåne län
Scania County
County of Sweden
Flag of Skåne County
Flag
Coat of arms of Skåne County
Coat of arms
Skåne County in Sweden
Skåne County in Sweden
Location map of Skåne County in Sweden
Location map of Skåne County in Sweden
Country  Sweden
Founded 1 January 1997
Capital Malmö, Kristianstad
Municipalities
Government
 • Governor Anneli Hulthén
 • County Council Skåne Regional Council
Area[1]
 • Total 11,302.77 km2 (4,364.02 sq mi)
Population (December 31, 2021)[2]
 • Total 1,402,425
 • Density 120/km2 (320/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
ISO 3166 code SE-M
Nominal GRDP SEK 531 billion (2017)[3]
Nominal GRDP per capital SEK 398,000 (2017)[3]
NUTS Region SE224
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Counties before 1997.

Skåne County (Swedish: Skåne län [ˈskôːnɛ ˈlɛːn]), sometimes referred to as Scania County in English, is the most southern county, or län, of Sweden, basically corresponding to the traditional province Scania. It borders the counties of Halland, Kronoberg and Blekinge and connects to Capital Region, Denmark by the Öresund Bridge. The seat of residence for the Skåne Governor is the city of Malmö. The headquarters of Skåne Regional Council are located in both Kristianstad and Malmö.[4]

The present county was created in 1997 when Kristianstad County and Malmöhus County were merged; it covers around 3% of Sweden's total area, while its population of 1.3 million comprises 13% of Sweden's total population. Prince Oscar is Duke of Skåne.

Endonym and exonym

When the new county was established in 1997, it was named Skåne län as its borders coincide with those of the province Skåne. In English, the county as well as the province are sometimes known as Scania, but the name Skåne is more frequently used, e.g. by the county administrative board.[5][6]

Heraldry

The coat of arms for Skåne County is the same as for the province of Skåne, only with the tinctures reversed and the crown, beak and tongue of the griffin in the same color. When the arms are shown with a royal crown, it represents the County Administrative Board, which is the regional presence of (royal) government authority. Blazon: "Gules, a Griffin's head erased Or, crowned and armed the same."

Provinces

Skåne County is the administrative equivalent of the province of Skåne, but it also includes an insignificant part of the province of Halland.

Administration

Skåne County is administered by Region Skåne, one of the 20 county councils of Sweden. Its main responsibilities are for the public healthcare system and public transport. In addition, it has for a trial period assumed certain tasks from the County Administrative Board. The two former administrative county councils of the province of Skåne shown on the map, Kristianstad County and Malmöhus County, which were established in 1719, were merged in 1997, forming the present county with boundaries that are almost identical to the boundaries of the province.

The seat of residence for the Governor (landshövding) is the city of Malmö. The County Administrative Board is a Government Agency headed by a Governor. See List of Skåne Governors.

County council

Region Skåne is an evolved County Council, which was established in 1999 when the County Councils of the former counties were amalgamated.

Its county or regional assembly is the region's highest political body, and its members are elected by the electorate,[7] as opposed to the county administrative board, that guards the national interests in the county under the chairmanship of the county governor (landshövding in Swedish).

Municipalities

File:Skåne County.png
Municipalities of Skåne

Skåne County contains 33 municipalities[8] (Swedish: kommuner), the largest by population being Malmö Municipality (340,000 inhabitants), Helsingborg Municipality (145,000), Lund Municipality (123,000 inhabitants) and Kristianstad Municipality (85,000 inhabitants). The municipalities have municipal governments, similar to city commissions, and are further divided into parishes. The parish division is traditionally used by the Church of Sweden, but also serves as a divisioning measure for Swedish census and elections.

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Elections

Riksdag

The table details all Riksdag elections held in the area currently constituting Skåne County since the unicameral era began in 1970. Although both were rounded to 49.3 under one decimal, the leftist bloc had 49.33 to 49.25% for the centre-right bloc in the 1970 election.

Year Votes V S MP C L KD M SD NyD Left Right
1970[9] 617,147 2.1 47.2 20.0 15.3 1.2 14.0 49.3 49.3
1973[10] 641,980 2.8 45.0 26.5 7.7 1.0 16.7 47.8 50.9
1976[11] 676,741 2.6 43.0 22.8 11.2 0.8 19.3 45.6 53.3
1979[12] 677,896 3.2 42.7 15.3 11.4 0.7 25.9 45.9 52.6
1982[13] 688,331 3.3 45.0 1.6 13.8 6.0 1.0 29.0 48.2 48.9
1985[14] 687,808 3.1 43.3 1.5 10.4 14.0 27.1 46.5 51.6
1988[15] 667,533 3.5 43.3 5.8 9.6 11.0 1.7 23.8 52.5 44.4
1991[16] 680,256 2.7 35.9 3.0 6.6 8.0 5.9 28.0 6.9 38.6 48.4
1994[17] 693,113 3.7 45.5 4.0 6.3 6.1 3.0 27.4 1.7 53.3 42.9
1998[18] 653,092 8.2 37.3 3.6 4.0 4.4 10.2 27.8 49.0 46.4
2002[19] 665,232 6.0 39.8 3.8 4.3 13.8 7.8 18.1 3.6 49.6 44.0
2006[20] 707,231 3.9 33.7 4.5 6.0 8.4 5.0 29.6 5.7 42.0 48.9
2010[21] 761,223 3.9 26.7 6.7 5.1 7.6 4.2 34.5 9.0 37.3 51.3
2014[22] 797,657 4.4 28.3 6.8 4.7 5.7 3.4 24.7 17.9 39.5 38.5
2018[23] 840,110 6.4 25.2 4.3 6.8 5.7 5.3 21.4 23.4 42.7 55.7

Regional

File:SkaneValkretsar.png
The electoral districts of Skåne County for national parliamentary elections

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The county is divided into four parliamentary constituencies or electoral districts, electing 47 of the 349 members of the Riksdag. Each district is made up of one or more municipalities.

In the 2018 general election, the Sweden Democrats performed particularly well in Skåne County, having the highest number of voters in 21 out of the county's 33 municipalities.[24]

Overall representation in the Riksdag during the 2018–2022 mandate period was as follows:[25]

Party Seats ±
Social Democratic 12 −1
Sweden Democrats 11 +2
Moderate Party 9 −4
Centre Party 4 +2
Liberals 4
Christian Democrats 3 +1
Left Party 2 +1
Green Party 2 −2
Total 47 −1

Localities in order of size

The ten most populous localities of Skåne County in 2020 were:[26]

Locality Population
Malmö 325,069
Helsingborg 113,828
Lund 94,393
Kristianstad 41,299
Landskrona 33,466
Trelleborg 30,808
Ängelholm 29,490
Ystad 20,195
Eslöv 19,794
Hässleholm 19,435

The ten largest municipalities of the county by total area are:[27]

Municipality Size (km2)
Kristianstad 1,820.76
Hässleholm 1,307.43
Simrishamn 1,254.90
Ystad 1,184.41
Trelleborg 1,176.64
Båstad 881.91
Vellinge 707.87
Höganäs 676.26
Osby 598.84
Skurup 511.60

Demographics

File:Skåne county population pyramid.svg
Skåne county population pyramid

Foreign background

File:Swedish born and Foreign born in Skåne county.svg
Swedish born and foreign born in Skåne county in 2022

SCB have collected statistics on backgrounds of residents since 2002. These tables consist of all who have two foreign-born parents or are born abroad themselves.[28] The chart lists election years and the last year on record alone.

Location 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2019
Bjuv 18.3 20.8 24.7 26.1 31.9 32.9
Bromölla 9.8 10.8 12.9 15.6 20.1 20.7
Burlöv 24.8 30.0 36.2 39.5 44.3 45.4
Båstad 8.3 9.1 11.0 13.0 14.2 16.4
Eslöv 14.7 16.3 17.3 20.3 24.3 25.0
Helsingborg 20.2 22.6 25.9 29.1 34.2 35.2
Hässleholm 9.9 12.0 14.6 16.9 20.7 21.2
Höganäs 9.9 10.9 12.4 13.7 16.4 17.0
Hörby 7.8 9.7 12.0 13.5 15.9 15.9
Höör 9.6 11.0 12.5 13.0 14.8 14.9
Klippan 11.5 13.2 16.3 17.6 22.6 23.3
Kristianstad 11.5 14.0 17.6 21.2 24.0 24.8
Kävlinge 8.3 9.2 10.0 11.0 13.2 13.5
Landskrona 24.9 28.4 31.6 33.9 36.5 36.8
Lomma 7.7 8.0 9.2 9.8 12.0 12.5
Lund 17.1 18.3 21.5 23.4 26.9 27.7
Malmö 32.0 35.9 40.2 42.6 45.9 46.7
Osby 8.8 10.5 13.3 15.8 20.6 20.9
Perstorp 16.7 18.3 22.7 24.6 30.6 31.5
Simrishamn 7.0 8.5 9.7 11.7 15.2 15.3
Sjöbo 6.1 8.1 9.7 11.0 12.7 12.9
Skurup 8.7 10.8 12.4 13.4 16.4 16.8
Staffanstorp 10.6 11.6 13.6 15.0 17.8 19.1
Svalöv 11.5 12.7 14.7 17.6 21.7 22.7
Svedala 8.3 9.6 11.0 11.6 14.9 15.7
Tomelilla 6.8 8.3 10.4 12.1 15.4 16.1
Trelleborg 15.2 16.7 18.4 19.9 22.5 23.0
Vellinge 6.5 7.5 8.8 9.6 11.4 11.4
Ystad 8.0 8.9 9.7 10.6 12.9 13.0
Åstorp 17.8 21.1 24.9 27.8 33.3 33.8
Ängelholm 9.0 9.9 11.5 13.1 15.7 16.0
Örkelljunga 11.3 13.4 15.9 17.8 21.6 22.4
Östra Göinge 8.0 9.2 10.1 14.5 22.9 23.5
Total 17.6 19.9 23.1 25.4 29.0 29.7
Source: SCB [28]

Transport

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The motorway built between Malmö and Lund in 1953 was the first motorway in Sweden. With the opening of the Öresund Bridge between Malmö and Copenhagen (the longest combined road and rail bridge in Europe) in 2000, the Swedish motorways were linked with European route E20 in Denmark, and the two countries' railway systems were physically connected. Before the bridge was built there were train ferries operated between Helsingborg and Helsingør. There are also train ferries to and from Germany and Poland.

Skåne has three major public airports, Malmö Airport, Ängelholm–Helsingborg Airport and Kristianstad Airport. One of the oldest airports in the world still in use is located in Skåne, namely Ljungbyhed Airport, in operation since 1910. Starting in 1926, the Swedish Air Force used the airport for flight training, and up until the military school was moved to the nearby Ängelholm F10 Wing in 1997, the airport was extremely busy. In the late 1980s, it was Sweden's busiest airport, with a record high of more than 1,400 take-offs and landings per day.[29]

The major ports of Skåne are Trelleborg, Ystad, Åhus, Copenhagen Malmö Port, Landskrona Harbour and Helsingborg Harbour. Ferry connections across the Baltic Sea operate from several smaller ports as well.

References

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  7. Region Skåne. Democracy-Increased autonomy Archived 2004-10-23 at archive.today. Official site. Retrieved 24 August 2007.
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External links