Scorpaeniformes
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| Scorpaenidae: Pterois antennata | |
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Scorpaeniformes
Greenwood et al., 1966
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Anoplopomatoidei |
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The Scorpaeniformes are a diverse order of ray-finned fish, but have also been called the Scleroparei. It is one of the five largest orders of bony fishes by number of species with over 1,320.[1]
They are known as "mail-cheeked" fishes due to their distinguishing characteristic, the suborbital stay: a backwards extension of the third circumorbital bone (part of the lateral head/cheek skeleton, below the eye socket) across the cheek to the preoperculum, to which it is connected in most species.[2]
Scorpaeniform fishes are carnivorous, mostly feeding on crustaceans and on smaller fish. Most species live on the sea bottom in relatively shallow waters, although species are known from deep water, from the midwater, and even from fresh water. They typically have spiny heads, and rounded pectoral and caudal fins. Most species are less than 30 cm (12 in) in length, but the full size range of the order varies from the velvetfishes, which can be just 2 cm (0.79 in) long as adults, to the lingcod, which can reach 150 cm (4.9 ft) in length.[2]
Classification
The division of Scorpaeniformes into families is not settled; accounts range from 26[3][4] to 35 families.[5][6]
Order Scorpaeniformes
- Suborder Anoplopomatoidei
- Anoplopomatidae (sablefish and skilfish)
- Suborder Cottoidei
- Superfamily Cottoidea
- Abyssocottidae (deep-water sculpins)
- Agonidae (Poachers)
- Bathylutichthyidae
- Comephoridae (Baikal oilfishes)
- Cottidae (cottids)
- Cottocomephoridae (Baikal sculpins)
- Ereuniidae (deepwater bullhead sculpins)
- Hemitripteridae (Sea ravens)
- Icelidae (scaled sculpins)[7]
- Psychrolutidae (fatheads)
- Rhamphocottidae (grunt sculpin)
- Superfamily Cyclopteroidea
- Superfamily Cottoidea
- Suborder Dactylopteroidei
- Suborder Hexagrammoidei
- Suborder Normanichthyiodei
- Suborder Platycephaloidei
- Suborder Scorpaenoidei
- Apistidae[10] (Wasp scorpionfishes)
- Aploactinidae (velvetfishes)
- Caracanthidae (orbicular velvetfishes)
- Congiopodidae (horsefishes and pigfishes)
- Eschmeyeridae
- Gnathanacanthidae (red velvetfish)
- Neosebastidae[10] (Gurnard scorpionfishes)
- Pataecidae (Australian prowfishes)
- Perryenidae[11] (Whitenose pigfish)
- Plectrogenidae[10]
- Scorpaenidae (scorpionfishes)
- Sebastidae (rockfishes)[10]
- Setarchidae[10] (Deep-sea bristly scorpionfishes)
- Synanceiidae (stonefishes)
- Tetrarogidae (waspfishes)[10]
- Triglidae (searobins)
Timeline of genera
See also
Notes and references
- ↑ Umich.edu
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Scorpaeniformes" in FishBase. February 2006 version.
- ↑ Icelidae is described as a separate family by some sources [1], containing only the genus Icelus. However, this genus which is considered to be a member of Cottidae by most other sources [2]
- ↑ Parabembridae is included in Bembridae in ITIS and Nelson, but split in FishBase and Eschmeyer.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Apistidae, Neosebastidae, Plectrogenidae, Sebastidae, and Setarchidae are included in Scorpaenidae in ITIS and Nelson, but split in FishBase and Eschmeyer.
- ↑ Honma, Y., Imamura, H. & Kawai, T. (2013): Anatomical description of the genus Perryena, and proposal to erect a new family for it based on its phylogenetic relationships with related taxa (Scorpaeniformes). Ichthyological Research, DOI 10-1007/s10228-012-0321-z
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