Series E bond

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$50 Series E bond (1941–1945)

Series E U.S. Savings Bonds were marketed by the United States government as war bonds from 1941 to 1980. Those issued from 1941 to November 1965 accrued interest for 40 years; those issued from December 1965 to June 1980, for 30 years. They were generally issued at 75 cents per dollar face value, maturing at par in a specified number of years that fluctuated with the rate of interest. Denominations available were $25, $50, $75, $100, $200, $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000. Series E bonds were issued only in registered, physical form and are not transferable. The guaranteed minimum investment yield for the bonds was 4 percent, compounded semiannually.[1]

The U.S. Savings Bond programs

The first modern U.S. Savings Bonds were issued in 1935, to replace United States Postal Service Bonds. They were marketed as a safe investment that was accessible to everyone. The first bonds, series A, were followed by series B, C, D, E, EE, F, G, H, HH, and I.

Financing World War II

In December 1941, the US declared war on Japan and Germany declared war on the US shortly thereafter. This was the starting point for a large scale – and thus expensive — defense program. The problem of the financing of World War II was greater than that of World War I, as the struggle lasted longer and the amounts involved were larger.

The budgetary expenses for the years 1941–1945 amounted to some $317 billion, of which $281 billion was directly related to the war effort; expenditures climbed from $9.6 billion in fiscal 1940 to nearly $100 billion in 1945. Of these outlays some 45 percent was covered by taxes and other non-borrowing sources. The deficit had to be covered by selling bonds. The Treasury sold $185.7 billion of securities to finance the war. The public debt rose from $50 billion in 1940 to $260 billion in 1945.[2]

Year Receipts ($ bn) Outlays ($ bn) Deficit ($ bn) Public Debt ($ bn)
1939 6.6 9.4 2.9 48.2
1940 6.9 9.6 2.7 50.7
1941 9.2 14.0 4.8 57.5
1942 15.1 34.5 19.4 79.2
1943 25.1 78.9 53.8 142.6
1944 47.8 94.0 46.2 204.1
1945 50.2 95.2 45.0 260.1
1946 43.5 61.7 18.2 271.0

War Bonds

President Franklin D. Roosevelt buys the first Series E bond (May 1, 1941)

The first Series E bond was sold to President Franklin D. Roosevelt by Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau on May 1, 1941.[3] These were marketed first as "defense bonds", then later as "war bonds".

During World War II the "drive" technique used during World War I was replaced in part by a continual campaign using a payroll deduction plan. However, eight different drives were conducted during the campaign, in total raising $185.7 billion from 85 million Americans, more than in any other country during the war.[4] Li'l Abner creator Al Capp created Small Fry, a weekly newspaper comic strip whose purpose was to sell Series E bonds in support of the Treasury.[5] The eight specific drives, their goals, and amounts raised, were as follows:

George Schreiber poster for the Third War Loan Drive (September 9–October 1, 1943)
Kate Smith in September 1944: "No single show-business figure even approached her as a seller of War Bonds during World War II", wrote The New York Times. Her grand total exceeded $600 million.[6]
C. C. Beall poster for the Seventh War Loan Drive (May 14–June 30, 1945)
  • First War Loan Drive – began November 30, 1942, and ended December 23, 1942. The initial goal was $9 billion; the drive raised $13 billion. However, only $1.6 billion was raised from individuals; corporations and commercial banks accounted for the vast majority of the funds raised.
  • Second War Loan Drive – began April 12, 1943, and ended May 1, 1943. The initial goal was $13 billion; the drive raised $18.5 billion. Individual purchases doubled over the previous drive, due in large part to the $4.5 million and $170,000 of advertising contributed by newspapers and magazines.
  • Third War Loan Drive – began September 9, 1943, and ended October 1, 1943. The initial goal was $15 billion, which would require a doubling of the bond sales from the prior drive, with at least 40 million of the 130 million American citizens needing to purchase a $100 war bond. President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the nation via one of his fireside chats on September 8 and Kate Smith raised $39 million during a September 21 CBS broadcast.[7] Final sales were $19 billion.
  • Fourth War Loan Drive – began January 18, 1944, and ended February 15, 1944. The initial goal was $14 billion, and the drive was targeted towards farmers and women. Final sales were $16.7 billion (107% of quota) and nearly 70 million separate bonds sold.
  • Fifth War Loan Drive – began June 12, 1944, and ended July 8, 1944. On May 15, 1944, Orson Welles was placed on the U.S. Treasury payroll as an expert consultant for the duration of the war (with a retainer of $1 a year).[8] On FDR's recommendation, Morgenthau asked Welles to lead the Fifth War Loan Drive, which opened June 12 with a one-hour radio show on all four networks, broadcast from Texarkana, Texas. Including a statement by the President,[9] the program defined the causes of the war and encouraged Americans to buy $16 billion in bonds. Additional war loan drive broadcasts took place June 14 from the Hollywood Bowl, and June 16 from Soldier Field, Chicago.[10]:371–373 Americans purchased $20.6 billion in War Bonds during the Fifth War Loan Drive.[4]
  • Sixth War Loan Drive – began November 2, 1944, and ended December 16, 1944. The drive raised $21.6 billion.[4]
  • Seventh War Loan Drive – began May 14, 1945, just days after Victory in Europe Day, and ended June 30, 1945.[11] Officials were concerned that the defeat of Germany might lessen bond sales. Surprisingly, the amount raised during the six-week drive recorded sales of over $26 billion.[4][12]
  • Eighth War Loan (Victory) Drive — began October 29, 1945, and ended December 8, 1945. The goal was $11 billion. More than $21 billion was raised — 192% of the goal.[4]

After the war

Although Series E bonds are usually associated with the war bond drives of World War II, they continued to be sold until June 1980, thereafter being replaced by Series EE bonds. A version of Series EE bonds, known as the Patriot Bond, is a sort of post-September 11 war bond, but has never enjoyed the broad subscription of the Series E war bond. These bonds are no longer available as of 2012.[13]

In October 2008, several news reports claimed there were several billion dollars in unclaimed bonds. The US treasury set up a web site called "Treasury Hunt." The system provides information only on Series E bonds issued in 1974 and after.

See also

References

  1. ↑ SavingsBonds.com — E Savings Bonds, Investor Information
  2. ↑ Chapter Y Government, page 1105
  3. ↑ U.S. Treasury — Introduction to Savings Bonds
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ "Presarvin’ Freedom: Al Capp, Treasury Man," Hogan's Alley, 1998
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Radio: Kate's Appeal - TIME
  8. ↑ "Orson Welles in War Loan Drive". Associated Press (Oakland Tribune), May 17, 1944
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Brady, Frank, Citizen Welles: A Biography of Orson Welles. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1989 ISBN 0-385-26759-2
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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