Politics of Shanghai

Shanghai municipal government building.

The Politics of Shanghai is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the mainland of the People's Republic of China (PRC). In the last few decades the city has produced many of the country's eventual senior leaders, including Jiang Zemin, Zhu Rongji, Wu Bangguo, and Huang Ju.

Overview

The Mayor of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government (上海市人民政府市长, abbreviated as Mayor of Shanghai 上海市市长) is the highest ranking executive official in Shanghai. Since Shanghai is a direct-controlled municipality of China, the mayor occupies the same level in the order of precedence as provincial governors. However, in the city's dual party-government governing system, the mayor has less power than the Communist Party of China Shanghai Municipal Committee Secretary (中国共产党上海市委员会书记, abbreviated as 中共上海市委书记), colloquially termed the "Shanghai CPC Party chief".

Before 1941, Shanghai had a split administration: the International Settlement (governed under the Shanghai Municipal Council), the French Concession, and the Chinese City. The Chinese city was invaded by the Japanese in 1937 and the foreign concessions were occupied by the Japanese in 1941. After the occupation, the foreign powers formally ceded the territory to the Nationalist Government in Chongqing (a move largely symbolic until the Japanese surrender since the Nationalists no longer controlled Shanghai).

Communist Party

Order	CPC Party Secretary	Term	Notes
1	Rao Shushi	1949—1950	later purged in 1954
2	Chen Yi	1950—1954	Communist revolutionary, Marshal of the People's Liberation Army Foreign Minister (1958-1972)
3	Ke Qingshi	1954—1965
4	Chen Pixian	1965—1967	Removed from office during January Storm
5	Zhang Chunqiao	1971—1976	Politburo Standing Committee (1973-1976) Member of the Gang of Four Titled "Secretary of the Revolutionary Committee of Shanghai"
6	Su Zhenhua	1976—1979	De facto Peng Chong; General, Admiral
7	Peng Chong	1979—1980
8	Chen Guodong	1980—1985
9	Rui Xingwen	1985—1987
10	Jiang Zemin	1987—1989	Politburo Standing Committee (1989-2002) General Secretary (1989-2002) and President (1993-2003)
11	Zhu Rongji	1989—1991	Politburo Standing Committee (1997-2002) Premier (1998-2003)
12	Wu Bangguo	1991—1994	Politburo Standing Committee (2002-2012) Chairman of the National People's Congress (2002-2012)
13	Huang Ju	1994— 15 November 2002	Politburo Standing Committee (2002-2006) later elevated to Politburo Standing Committee and Vice-Premier (2002-2006)
14	Chen Liangyu	15 November 2002 — 24 September 2006	dismissed for corruption, convicted in 2008, jailed.
—	Han Zheng	24 September 2006 — 24 March 2007	Acting
15	Xi Jinping	24 March 2007 — 27 October 2007	Politburo Standing Committee (2007-) General Secretary (2012-), President (2013-)
16	Yu Zhengsheng	27 October 2007 — 20 November 2012	Politburo Standing Committee (2012-) National Committee Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
17	Han Zheng	20 November 2012 —

Current Standing Committee

The Shanghai Party Standing Committee is the de facto highest political organ of Shanghai. Its membership as of 2015 is as follows:

1. Han Zheng, member since 1997, Shanghai Party Committee Secretary, Member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China, former Mayor of Shanghai
2. Yang Xiong, member since 2007, Mayor of Shanghai, Deputy Party Committee Secretary
3. Ying Yong, member since 2011, Deputy Shanghai Party Committee Secretary
4. Tu Guangshao (屠光绍), member since 2007, Executive Vice Mayor
5. Xu Lin (徐麟), member since 2007, Head of Propaganda Department
6. Ai Baojun (艾宝俊), member since 2012, Vice Mayor
7. Shen Xiaoming (沈晓明), member since 2013, Party Secretary of Pudong
8. Zhu Shengling (朱生岭), Major General, member since 2013, Commissar of the Shanghai Military Mobilization District (上海警备区)
9. Xu Zezhou (徐泽洲), member since 2014, Head of Organization Department
10. Hou Kai (侯凯), member since 2013, Secretary of Discipline Inspection
11. Jiang Ping (姜平), member since 2013, Political and Legal Affairs Secretary
12. Sha Hailin (沙海林), member since 2012, Head of United Front Department
13. Yin Hong (尹弘), member since 2012, Secretary-General of the Party Committee of Shanghai

List of Mayors

Mayor	Term	Notes
Huang Fu	7 July 1927 - April 1929	First mayor of Shanghai.
Chang Ch'ün	April 1929 - January 1932
Wu Tiecheng	January 1932 - April 1937
Yu Hung-Chun	April 1937 - November 1937	Fled city following fall of Shanghai to the Empire of Japan in the Battle of Shanghai.
Chen Gongbo	November 1940 - December 1944	Japanese collaborationist
Zhou Fohai	December 1944 - August 1945	last Japanese collaborationist mayor, arrested by Kuomintang forces
K. C. Wu	August 1945 - May 1949	last Kuomintang mayor, fled after communist takeover
Chen Yi	May 1949 — November 1958	military commander
Ke Qingshi	November 1958 — 9 April 1965
Cao Diqiu	December 1965 — 24 February 1967	purged during the Cultural Revolution
Zhang Chunqiao	24 February 1967 — October 1976	Chairman of Shanghai Revolutionary Committee Member of Gang of Four, sentenced for treason
Su Zhenhua	November 1976 — 7 February 1979	Chairman of Shanghai Revolutionary Committee
Peng Chong	7 February 1979 — April 1981	De facto head from late 1976.
Wang Daohan	April 1981 — July 1985	Jiang mentor
Jiang Zemin	July 1985 — April 1988	later General Secretary (1989-2002) and President (1993-2003)
Zhu Rongji	April 1988 — April 1991	later Premier (1998-2003)
Huang Ju	April 1991 — February 1995	later Vice-Premier (2003-died in office on 2 June 2007)
Xu Kuangdi	February 1995 — 7 December 2001	Demoted
Chen Liangyu	7 December 2001 — 21 February 2003	Later sacked
Han Zheng	21 February 2003 — 26 December 2012	Concurrently acting party chief 2006-2007, 2012
Yang Xiong	26 December 2012 — present	acting until February 2013

List of Chairmen of Shanghai People's Congress

Main article: Shanghai People's Congress

1. Yan Youmin (严佑民): 1979－1981
2. Hu Lijiao (胡立教): 1981－1988
3. Ye Gongqi (叶公琦): 1988－1998
4. Chen Tiedi (陈铁迪): 1998－2003
5. Gong Xueping (龚学平): 2003－2008
6. Liu Yungeng (刘云耕) : 2008－2013
7. Yin Yicui (殷一璀): 2013－incumbent

List of Chairmen of Shanghai CPPCC

1. Ke Qingshi (柯庆施): 1955－1958
2. Chen Pixian (陈丕显): 1958－1967
3. Peng Chong (彭冲): 1977－1979
4. Wang Yiping (王一平): 1979－1983
5. Li Guohao (李国豪): 1983－1988
6. Xie Xide (谢希德): 1988－1993
7. Chen Tiedi (陈铁迪): 1993－1998
8. Wang Liping (王力平): 1998－2003
9. Jiang Yiren (蒋以任): 2003－2008
10. Feng Guoqin (冯国勤): 2008－2013
11. Wu Zhiming (吴志明): 2013－incumbent

See also

• Politics of Beijing
• Politics of Chongqing
• Politics of Tianjin