Shawish clan

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
(Redirected from Shawish)
Jump to: navigation, search

Shawish (Shaweesh, Shawesh) (الشاويش, شاويش, الشاوش, Arabic) is a large and widespread Palestinian family originated from Damascus Gate neighbourhood of East Jerusalem, Israel. Shawish as a surname is also widely used throughout the world. Other families with the Shawish surname originated from Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Morocco.

The Shawish surname has several variations in languages other than Arabic. Written Arabic language frequently omits vowels, therefore the surname is often spelt using only plain Arabic alphabet, literally as "Shawesh". "Al-" or "El", meaning "family of" or "the" in Arabic, is often used as a prefix to names in formal identifications. English or other languages translations of the surname therefore vary, some common versions include:(Al) Shawish; Shawish; (El) Shawesh; Shaweesh.

Origin

Origin and migration of Shawish family.
Shawish Neighbourhood, Old City of Jerusalem.

Several Islamic historians assert that the Shawish family is a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. This claim is based on verifiable historical documents describing the link through "twenty four men" (generations) between Muhammad and Ustaz Mohammad Zuhayr Al-Shawish (see below)[1]

The Hashemi clan, to which Muhammad belonged, was the ancestors of Al-Husayni clan through Husayn ibn Ali, Muhammad's grandson, whose members migrated from Mecca to neighbouring countries in the Levant region to fight the crusaders. In the 13th century after Saladin victory over the crusaders, Al-Husayni clan settled in Jerusalem, expanded to thousands of members and gained power and influence.[2]

During the periods of Ottoman Empire and British Mandate of Palestine, and due to significant historical and political events in Jerusalem, some of Al-Husayni individuals adopted new surnames drawn from their professions.[2] Within the Shawish family, it is widely believed that the name Shawish (meaning Police or Army Sergeant) started from a policeman in the Old City of Jerusalem at that time, around the end of the 19th century.

An early record of the surname Shawish was in a British Newspaper “The New Age” article in 1910. The article discussed several current affairs in Egypt and made reference to Sheykh Abdul Aziz Shawish or as Egyptians pronounce it (Gawish), as in Arabic his name is written عبد العزيز جاويش (ar), editor of ”Al Lewa'” newspaper at that time.[3]

Migration

The Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories and the city of Jerusalem following the 1967 Six-Day War had forced some family members to immigrate to neighbouring countries, primarily to Amman, the Jordanian capital. Some have since lost the rights to return to Jerusalem (see Palestinian right of return).

Modern-day

At present time the remaining Shawish family is one of the largest original (not immigrant) Palestinian families in the Old City of Jerusalem.[2][4] In addition to the main bases of Jerusalem and Jordan, where the family has very strong presence; many of the younger members of the family have emigrated for economic and educational reasons and currently reside in the USA, UAE, and smaller in numbers in Syria, Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Sudan, Brazil, Mexico, UK, and many other countries.

Occupation

Traditionally tradesmen and small business owners, currently many of the family members run their own small retail businesses in Jerusalem, Jordan, and to lesser extent in other countries. It is common to see signs above small shops saying “Al-Shawish” in the Old City of Jerusalem or downtown Amman. Some members of Shawish family have also entered mid-market professions; IT, Finance, Management, Sales and Marketing, Education and other Trades. The family is not known to have many craftsmen, civil servants, police or army personnel.

Notable family members

List of notable family members according to their locations in alphabetical order.

The Americas

  • Abdul Shawish (Al-Shawish), Hollywood Actor, acted in several movies including Glitter (2001)[5][6] and Serendipity (2001),[7] California, USA.
  • Kayid Shawish, Professional Poker Player, Virginia, United States.
    • Kayid is one of the top 25 winners of the following National Tournaments:.[8]
      • United States Poker Championship, Event #19 - 5th place, Oct 4, 2007.
      • Borgata Summer Open, Event #3 - 16th place, Jun 15, 2007.
      • Harrah’s Atlantic City Poker Tournament, WSOP Circuit Event - 23rd place, Mar 6, 2007.
      • Harrah's Atlantic City Poker Tournament, WSOP Circuit Event - 16th place, Dec 12, 2006.
      • 4th Borgata Poker Open / WPT Event Season 5 / PPT Event - 21st place. Sep 16, 2006.

Europe

  • Kaied Shawish, Business Development Director, Harvest International Ltd (Real Estate) (2006–present). London, UK.[9]
  • Dr. Samir El Shawish, Author, Research Fellow, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
    • Some of the articles published by Samir Shawish relating to Physics science:
      • Thermal entanglement of qubit pairs on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice.[10]
      • In-Gap Spin Excitations and Finite Triplet Lifetimes in the Dilute Singlet Ground State System.[11]
      • Spin-polaron excitations in a doped Shastry-Sutherland model.[12]
      • Dynamic Spin Structure Factor of SrCu2(BO3)2 at Finite Temperatures.[13]
      • Electron Spin Resonance of SrCu2(BO3)2 at High Magnetic Field.[14][15]
      • Anomalous scaling of conductivity in integrable fermion systems.[16]
      • High Field Specific Heat of 2D Quantum Spin System SrCu2(BO3)2.[17]
      • Finite Temperature Dynamical Correlations using the Microcanonical Ensemble and the Lanczos Algorithm.[18]
      • Numerical study of the E Ø e Jahn-Teller polaron and bipolaron.[19]
  • Wael Shawish, Palestinian Rights Activist, Say No to War, Edinburgh, Scotland.[20]

Iraq

Jordan

  • Dr. Mohammed Shawish, manager of "Family Medical Center" and the charity medical organization and center "Shawish Medical Center" he is a professional consultant of family medicine[27]
  • A/Prof Ashraf Ibrahim Shaweesh, Associate Professor of Oral & Maxillofacial Anatomy[27] and Assistant Dean[28] at the Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan. Dr. Ashraf Shaweesh holds a bachelor's degree in Dental Surgery from JUST (1999) and a Ph. D in Oral & Maxillofacial Anatomy from The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (2006).[29][30] His Ph. D was based on a study conducted jointly between the School of Dental Science, The University of Melbourne[31] and the Genetic Health Services Victoria.[32] A selection of Dr. Ashraf Shaweesh's publications includes:
    • AL-Omiri MK, Barghout NH, Shaweesh AI, Malkawi Z. Level of education and gender-specific self-reported oral health behavior among dental students. Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry 2011; 2012;10(1):29-35
    • Shaweesh AI. Expression of Carabelli's trait in the Jordanian population. International Journal of Stomatology and Occlusion Medicine 2012; 5(2):77-82
    • Shaweesh AI. Clinical duration of permanent tooth eruption in Jordanians: from emergence to functional eruption. International Journal of Stomatology and Occlusion Medicine 2012; 5(2):70-76
    • Masadeh MM, Mhaidat NM, Alzoubi KH, Al-Azzam SI, Shaweesh AI. Ciprofloxacin-induced antibacterial activity is reversed by vitamin E and vitamin C. Current Microbiology 2012; 64(5):457-462
    • Shaweesh AI. Timing and sequence of emergence of permanent teeth in the Jordanian population. Archives of Oral Biology 2012; 57(2): 122-130
    • Shaweesh AI. Polymorphisms in sequence of permanent tooth emergence: a cross-sectional study on Jordanian children and adolescents. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 2012 Jan 3. [Early online - Epub ahead of print]
    • Khraisat A, Alsoleihat F, Shaweesh AI, Sawair FA. Entoconulid (cusp 6), metaconulid (cusp 7), post-metaconulid and pre-entoconulid expression on the permanent mandibular first molar in the living Jordanian population and inter-trait interactions. Odontostomatol Trop – Tropical Dental Journal (O.S.T – T. D. J) 2011; 34(136),11-19
    • Shaweesh AI, Al-Omiri MK, Alsoleihat FD. Variation in time of emergence of permanent teeth among urban and rural Jordanian school children. Saudi Medical Journal 2011; 32(10):1066-1072
    • Thomas CDL, Claes PDH, Shaweesh AI, Clement JG. Three-dimensional facial shape archetypes for identification and diagnosis. In: Lestrel PE., Biological Shape Analysis – Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium. Tsukuba, Japan, 3–6 June 2009, pp 131–144
    • Shaweesh AIM, Clement JG, Thomas CDL, Bankier A. Construction and use of facial archetypes in anthropology and syndrome diagnosis. Forensic Science International (Supplement) 2006; 159:175-185
    • Shaweesh AI, Thomas CDL, Clement JG. Investigation of ethnic differences in facial morphology by three-dimensional averaging, Chapter 16 In: Clement JG. & Marks MK. Computer-graphic facial reconstruction. Boston, MA, Academic Press. 2005; pp307–324.
    • Shaweesh AI, Thomas CDL, Clement JG, Bankier A. Delineation of facial archetype by three-dimensional averaging. Annals of Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons 2004; 17, 73-79.
  • Ayat Al-Shawish, Representative of “We are all Jordan” student movement at Alzarqa private University. (2008). Alzarqa, Jordan.[33]
  • A’abeer Al-Shawish, Head Teacher, Al-Qaru’wan College (2004–present), Jordan.[34]
  • Ahmad Al-Shawish, Artist (Painter) and Art Critic, Jordan.[35]
  • Dr. Ghaleeb Al-Shawish, Head of Education, Muslim Brotherhood (2004–present). Ma'an, Jordan.[36]
  • Dr Hassan Al-Shawish, Consultant & Specialist in Blood Illnesses, King Hussein Regional Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.[37][38][39]
  • Ismael Al-Shawish, Member of the supervisory committee for the Veterinary Trade Union management election. (2008). Amman, Jordan.[40]
  • Khaldoun Shawish, General Manager, Limana Cafe, Amman, Jordan (2009–present).[41]
  • Khalil Al-Shawish, Film Director (Music video), Head of Montage, Nurmena TV, Jordan.
    • Some popular songs directed by Khalil include:
      • Alzi al-A’askari, (الزي العسكري) (Military Uniform), 2006[42]
      • Ahobak ya Lobnan, (احبك يا لبنان) (Love you Lebanon), 2006[43]
      • Raja’a yta’amar Lobnan, (راجع يتعمر لبنان), (Return to Rebuild Lebanon), 2006[44]
  • Omar Al-Shawish, Flash Director (Animation), Jordan.[45]
  • Majdi Al-Beit Shawish, Chief Executive Officer of Estarta Solutions (2005–present). Amman, Jordan.[47]
  • Manal Shawish, Athlete (Swimming), Runner-up in Al-astiklal Championship 2006 (Kingdom level), Amman, Jordan.[48]
  • Mohammed Younis Abdullah Al-Shawish , Winner of the 2nd Scholarship prize in the Philadelphia University’s cultural competition. (2008). Amman, Jordan.[49]
  • Mohammad Zuhair Al-Shawish, Athlete (football). Defender at Al Faisaly (Amman) Football club (2005–present). Amman, Jordan.[50]
  • Muhammad Al-Shawish, Member of Local Committee for Education and Teaching (2003–2005), Ma'an, Jordan.[51]
  • Nadia Al-Shawish, The only female member of the Administrative Board of the Banking Union (2005–present), Amman, Jordan.[52]
  • Dr. Naief Al-Shawish, Junior Minister of Education for Centre Provinces (2005–present.), Jordan.[53]
  • Othman Al-Shawish, Member of Engineers Trade Union (White Islamic List) 2006, Al-Zarqa, Jordan.[54]
  • Rabeha Al-Shawish , Athlete (Karate) Winner of “We are all Jordan” competition for Karate at the country level for females. Rabeha competed with a brown belt and represented Althaer Karate Club. (2009) Amman, Jordan.[55]
  • Rakana Ghalib Mohammed Al-Shawish, Elected as representative of the Students Union at Alhusain Ibn Talal university in Ma’an. (2008). Ma'an, Jordan.[56]
  • Ramsay Al-Shawish, Head of Alzarqa Department of Trade and Industry. (2006–present). Alzarqa, Jordan.[57][58]
  • Rasha Shawish, News Reporter, Islah News, (2012–present) Jordan.[59]
  • Some articles written by Rasha include:
    • مهرجان الفكر الجديد يفجر طاقات الشباب الابداعية, Amman, Jordan 2012 [60]
    • نصائح لكي تظهري بشكل اصغر عند وضع المكياج, Amman, Jordan 2012 [61]
    • فكر جديد .. داعم للشباب وملبٍ لطموحاتهم, Amman, Jordan 2012 [62]
  • Sa’aed Muslim Al-Shawish, Member of Union Workers of the Mines and Mining, Jordan.[63]
  • Zeed Al-Shawish, Athlete and Gold Medal Winner in Karate(Kingdom level), 2005, Jordan.[64]

Lebanon

Libya

Palestine

File:A sign in the Old City of Jerusalem reading "House of the Martyr Khaled Yussef Shawish".jpg
A sign in the Old City of Jerusalem reading "House of the Martyr Khaled Yussef Shawish"

Other countries

External links

References

  1. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Pickthall, Marmaduke, "The Situation in Egypt". A Reply to Duse Mohamed. The New Age. Vol. VII. No. 9. JUNE 30, 1910. London. UK. http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140813940203343.pdf
  3. ↑ Amnesty International (2000), Report: "Israel and the Arab Occupied Land of Israel: Mass arrests and police brutality", 10 November, AI Index: MDE 15/058/2000, http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE150582000?open&of=ENG-403
  4. ↑ Hollywood.com, http://web.archive.org/web/20110522044131/http://www.hollywood.com/celebrity/Abdul_Shawish/1527127
  5. ↑ The Internet Movie Database, Glitter (2001), Full Cast and Crew, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118589/fullcredits
  6. ↑ The Internet Movie Database, Serendipity (2001), http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1152476/
  7. ↑ Poker Pages, Professional Poker Player Profile: Kayid Shawish, http://www.pokerpages.com/players/profiles/82249/kayid-shawish.htm
  8. ↑ Harvest International company profile http://www.linkedin.com/pub/a/414/51
  9. ↑ S. El Shawish, A. Ramsak, J. Bonca. Phys. Rev. B 75, 205442 (2007).
  10. ↑ S. Haravifard, S. R. Dunsiger, S. El Shawish, B. D. Gaulin, H. A. Dabkowska, M.F. Telling, J. Bonca. physics.str-el.
  11. ↑ S. El Shawish, J. Bonca. physics.str-el.
  12. ↑ S. El Shawish, J. Bonca, I. Sega. physics.str-el.
  13. ↑ S. El Shawish, J. Bonca, C. D. Batista, I. sega. physics.cond-mat (physics.stat-mech).
  14. ↑ Physical Review B, Phys. Rev. B 71, 014413 (2005) (5 pages), http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=PRBMDO000071000001014413000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes, united states
  15. ↑ P. Prelovsek, S. El Shawish, X. Zotos, M. Long. physics.str-el.
  16. ↑ G. A. Jorge, R. Stern, M. Jaime, N. Harrison, J. Bonca, S. El Shawish, C. D. Batista, H. A. Dabkowska, B. D. Gaulin. Phys. Rev. B 71, 092403 (2005).. physics.str-el.
  17. ↑ M. W. Long, P. Prelovsek, S. El Shawish, J. Karadamoglou, X. Zotos. physics.str-el (physics.stat-mech).
  18. ↑ S. El Shawish, J. Bonca, Li-Chung Ku, S. A. Trugman. physics.str-el.
  19. ↑ Say no to War. http://www.nysntw.vesana.com/html/modules/myalbum Edinburgh, Scotland.
  20. ↑ Nissman, D., (2001), Iraq Report, 2 February, vol.4, iss.5, Global Security, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/iraq/2001/5-020201.html, accessed 13 October 2007
  21. ↑ Choukri, F., Taha, K. (2001), “Iraq Looks to Free Trade Accords to Ease Decade-Old Sanctions”, Agence France Presse, Global Policy Forum, January 30, http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/sanction/iraq1/turnpoint/010130.htm, accessed 13 October 2007
  22. ↑ Chrenkoff Arthur. AFTER THE WAR, Voices of Freedom; A roundup of the past two weeks' good news from Iraq. http://www.opinionjournal.com/extra/?id=110006103 January 3, 2005
  23. ↑ The Associated Press APTN (2004), “Iraq Preview”, Story Number: 425198, Tape Number: EF04/0813, 14 August 2004, http://www.aparchive.com/index.aspx, accessed 13 October 2007
  24. ↑ ABC News, Baghdad conference debates interim assembly, http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2004/08/15/1176935.htm Aug 15, 2004
  25. ↑ Le Monde des Parlements (2004), Web Version, “Parliamentary Developments, Iraq, the National Council of Iraq”, October issue 15, http://www.ipu.org/news-f/15-7.htm, accessed 13 October 2007
  26. ↑ 27.0 27.1 http://www.just.edu.jo/faculty/staff.aspx?fac_id=5&dept_id=39
  27. ↑ http://www.just.edu.jo/faculty/Deanship.aspx?fac_id=5&dept_id=1&cat_id=50&prog_id=1
  28. ↑ http://www.dent.unimelb.edu.au/dsweb/info_alumni_students/Dent_al_Newsletter_2.pdf
  29. ↑ http://www.vifm.org/attachments/o153.pdf
  30. ↑ http://www.dent.unimelb.edu.au/dsweb/info_alumni_students/Dent_al_Feb_07.pdf
  31. ↑ craniofacialgenetics.org/forum/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=10.0;attach=7
  32. ↑ This is my experience cultural initiative at Alzarqa private university. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=191630&select=الشاويش
  33. ↑ Alrai Daily Newspaper1-06-2006. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=110198&select= Amman, Jordan
  34. ↑ Alrai Daily Newspaper 21-10-2004 http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=4306&select= Amman, Jordan.
  35. ↑ Alrai Daily Newspaper 18-03-2005. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=25542&select= Amman. Jordan.
  36. ↑ King Hussein Cancer Centre (2004), News and Events, Al-Mihwar, 22 January, http://www.khcc.jo/news/1.22.04_almihwar.asp
  37. ↑ Alrai Daily Newspaper 14-08-2005. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=48490&select= Amman Jordan.
  38. ↑ King Hussein Cancer Centre, KHCC Faculty, Profile: Dr. Hassan Shawish, http://www.khcc.jo/bios/hasanshawish.ASP, accessed 13 October 2007
  39. ↑ Announcement of the supervisory committee for the Veterinary Union. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=210821&select=الشاويش
  40. ↑ Alghad newspaper http://www.alghad.com/?news=493324
  41. ↑ Alrai Daily Newspaper 18-11-2006. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=131150&select= Amman, Jordan.
  42. ↑ Alrai Daily Newspaper 29-08-2006 http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=120333&select= Amman, Jordan.
  43. ↑ Alrai Daily Newspaper 21-04-2006 http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=121581&select= Amman, Jordan.
  44. ↑ Dr. Saeed yakteen - Arab-ewriters web site 2007. http://www.arab-ewriters.com/saqee3/yakteen.html.
  45. ↑ صقيع: تجربة إبداعية عربية جديدة. http://www.arab-ewriters.com/?action=showitem&&id=2613.
  46. ↑ Estarta Solutions http://www.estartasolutions.com/EstartaWebsite/Templates/SearchResult.aspx
  47. ↑ Alrai Daily Newspaper 28-04-2006. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=98614&select= Amman, Jordan.
  48. ↑ Philadelphia announces its cultural competition. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=194583&select=الشاويش
  49. ↑ List of players (AL Faisaly). Naseej Sports News http://sports.naseej.com/PlayerPage.aspx?PlayerID=4079
  50. ↑ Alrai Daily Newspaper 27-12-2007, http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=14102&select= Amman, Jordan.
  51. ↑ Alrai Daily Newspaper 29-06-2006. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=111289&select= Amman, Jordan.
  52. ↑ Alrai Daily Newspaper 30-05-2005. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=37068&select= Amman, Jordan
  53. ↑ Alrai Daily Newspaper 20-02-2006. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=82361&select= Amman, Jordan.
  54. ↑ Saqer Quraish wins “we are all Jordan” Karate competition. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=255614&select=الشاويش
  55. ↑ Alhusain announces the elected students union members. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=203704&select=الشاويش
  56. ↑ Department of trade and industry in Alzarqa receives 800 complaints about share trade companies. http://www.alghad.jo/index.php?news=363211&searchFor=الشاويش
  57. ↑ A meeting between traders and Head of Alzarqa Department of Trade and Industry http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=261139&select=الشاويش
  58. ↑ Islah News Website - http://islahnews.net/?p=79114
  59. ↑ Islah News website. http://islahnews.net/?p=79114= Amman, Jordan.
  60. ↑ Islah News website. http://islahnews.net/?p=80063= Amman, Jordan.
  61. ↑ Islah News website. http://islahnews.net/?p=81525= Amman, Jordan.
  62. ↑ Alrai Daily Newspaper 25-10-2005. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=59093&select= Amman, Jordan.
  63. ↑ Alrai Daily Newspaper 23- 10-2005. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=58776&select= Amman, Jordan.
  64. ↑ Lebanese army advances on Fatah al-Islam positions, killing 16 militants. Xinhua News Agency http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-164660304.html June 9, 2007.
  65. ↑ Siniora Fouad. Standing firm against Fatah al-Islam. New Straits Times. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-140897940.html June 23, 2007.
  66. ↑ Designation of Fatah al-Islam under Executive Order 13224.M2 Presswire http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-167589043.html August 13, 2007.
  67. ↑ South Karate Championship, Al-Mustaqbal newspaper. Ed. 1929. 27-05-2005. Page 22. http://www.almustaqbal.com/stories.aspx?StoryID=123016
  68. ↑ Sudan Human Rights Organisation (SHRO) Cairo (2000), The Crisis of Religious Faith and Ruling Politics, a Critique of the International Haraka Islamiya Call to Ahl Al-Sudan(1), http://www.shro-cairo.org/articles/Mahgoubcritique/mahgoubcritique1.html
  69. ↑ al-`Aqeedah al-Tahawiyyah
  70. ↑ Al-'alawnh Ahmad. Shaykh Zuhayr Al-Shawish, Personality of the Year (2004) by Dar Al-Fatwa and Islamic Organizations in Lebanon. Odaba Al-Sham www.odabasham.net/show.php?sid=6149 London. UK
  71. ↑ Association of Professors of English and Translation at Arab Universities www.apetau.org
  72. ↑ MBendi Directory of Organisations (2007), Government of Libya, List of Directors/Managers, http://www.mbendi.co.za/orgs/cfwj.htm, accessed 13 October 2007
  73. ↑ Libya committed to pay aid to the Palestinians. http://www.alghad.jo/index.php?news=90722&searchFor=الشاويش
  74. ↑ BBC News Online (2004), “Hints of Libya Israel Relations”, 7 January 2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3373519.stm, accessed 13 October 2007
  75. ↑ BBC News Online, Gardner, F. (2001), “Analysis: Gaddafi keeps West guessing”, 2 February 2001, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/1150057.stm, accessed 13 October 2007
  76. ↑ Morris, H., (2004), World News: Leak Threat to Secret Israeli Talks with Libya, Financial Times, 09 January, http://search.ft.com/nonFtArticle?id=040109000176, accessed 13 October 2007
  77. ↑ Kessler, G. (2004), Washington Post, “Arab Officials Criticize US Support of Israel”, Saturday 11 December 2004, http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A57342-2004Dec11?language=printer, accessed 13 October 2007
  78. ↑ The Open Workshop for Culture and Art (OWCA). http://www.owca.org/inas.html
  79. ↑ Abu Toameh Khaled. Jerusalem Post. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-74333941.html May 30, 2003
  80. ↑ Expotech Technology Week 2009, Technology Entrepreneurship Forum, Participated Projects http://www.expotech.ps/2009/new/pdfs/Forum%20Catalogue%20Final.pdf October 2009
  81. ↑ ABC News (2003), “Deal Made to Keep Militants in Arafat Headquarters”, August 4, http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2003/08/04/916274.htm
  82. ↑ 83.0 83.1 Willacy, M., (2003), “Palestinians Warned against Collaborating with Israel”, The World Today, ABC Local Radio, Australia, Thursday 14 August, http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2003/s924523.htm
  83. ↑ Kershner, I., (2007), “Barak in Runoff to Lead Israeli Labor Party”, The New York Times, Middle East, May 29, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/29/world/middleeast/29mideast.html?_r=1&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Organizations/H/Hezbollah&oref=slogin
  84. ↑ Allen, R. (2004), Vanderbilt Television News archive, TVN Record Number 772144 NBC Evening News, November 21, Aired from 05:49:50 to 05:52:50, Ramallah, http://tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/program.pl?ID=772144
  85. ↑ REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ISRAELI PRACTICES AFFECTING THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF THE POPULATION OF THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES. http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/85255db800470aa485255d8b004e349a/7dfb706ce5c2de5505256625006a23de!OpenDocument 12 October 1989
  86. ↑ Cody, Edward. The Washington Post, April 12, 1989.
  87. ↑ Yehuda Litani. TWO PARTS OF A CITY. Jerusalem Post. Jerusalem. Apr 14, 1989
  88. ↑ Izenberg Dan & Getzler Dvorah. 3 HELD AS SEARCH MOUNTED FOR JAFFA GATE GUNMAN. Jerusalem Post. Jerusalem. Apr 12, 1989.
  89. ↑ ISA ARRESTS YOUNG PALESTINIAN WOMAN INVOLVED IN 21.March.2002 JERUSALEM BOMBING. June 2, 2002 http://www.imra.org.il/story.php3?id=12283
  90. ↑ RIGHTS GROUP PROTESTS SECRETARY RICE'S MEETING TODAY WITH TERRORIST LEADER WHO INJURED US CITIZENS. http://www.imra.org.il/story.php3?id=31152 October 4, 2006
  91. ↑ Pickthall, Marmaduke. The Situation in Egypt. A Reply to Duse Mohamed. The New Age. Vol. VII. No. 9. JUNE 30, 1910. London. UK. http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140813940203343.pdf
  92. ↑ Alrai Daily Newspaper 03-05-2006. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=99725&select= Amman, Jordan.
  93. ↑ “small worries هموم صغيرة” ar:هموم صغيرة[better source needed]
  94. ↑ Help Save A Man's Life: Yemen editor faces capital punishment for printing cartoons. Freedom's Zoon. March 9, 2006. http://www.freedomszone.com/archives/2006/03/help_save_a_mans_life_yemen_ed.php
  95. ↑ WWP-Business Opportunities in Africa & the Middle East. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-100977721.html May 1, 2003
  96. ↑ The Middle East Council of Shopping Centers. Regional Representatives profiles. http://www.mecsc.org/profile.htm
  97. ↑ Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Central and West Asia and North Africa Regional Meeting Report, http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/agps/Pgrfa/append1b.htm
  98. ↑ United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), http://www.unccd.int/cop/cst/experts/individualDetails.php?id=2160
  99. ↑ Mediterranean Training Programme, Focal Points, http://www.case.ibimet.cnr.it/MTPprogramme/content.php?page=netw_02&arg=netw, accessed 13 October 2007
  100. ↑ Shawesh, O.M., K.A. Suleiman and T.A. Yahia, 1996. Aridity and Desertification and their effects on food security. National Council for Scientific Research, Tripoli, Libya, Pages 455-542
  101. ↑ Shawesh, O.M., and A.T. Abuzakhm, 1993. Basic nutrient constituents for some range plants in Bir Al-Ghanam Range Project. Libyan Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 4
  102. ↑ Al-Jadouyi, J.M. and O.M. Shawesh and A.M. Al-Hamrouni, 1984. Atriplex species and their importance in range improvement in the North African countries of the Green Belt Project. National Office for Agriculture Advice and Studies. Tripoli/Libya, Page 137
  103. ↑ Le Houerou, H.N., Servoz, T. Telahigue and O.M. Shawesh, 1988. Evaluation of development potentials of existing range projects in Western Libya. UTFN/Lib./D11/Lib.
  104. ↑ Suleiman, M.M., O.M. Shawesh, Abuzakham and M.K. Ayoub. 1982. A study of reconnaissance inventory and improvement of Libyan rangelands. Arab organization for Agricultural Development. Khartoum, Sudan, page 130
  105. ↑ Yemen Observer http://www.yobserver.com/front-page/10018123.html
Retrieved from "https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Shawish_clan&oldid=953494"