South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests

The South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of southern India. It covers the southern portion of the Western Ghats range and the Nilgiri Hills between 250 and 1000 meters elevation in Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu states.

Setting

The ecoregion has an area of 23,800 square kilometers (9,200 sq mi). It includes the southern ranges of the Western Ghats, including the Agastyamalai and Anamalai, and the eastward spurs of the Nilgiri Hills and Palni Hills. The forests of Wayanad in northern Kerala mark the transition to the North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests to the north. To the west, the Malabar Coast moist forests ecoregion lies in the coastal strip between the 250 meter contour and the Malabar Coast. To the east, the ecoregion transitions to the South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests ecoregion in the drier rain shadow of the Western Ghats. It surrounds the South Western Ghats montane rain forests ecoregion, which lies above 1000 meters elevation.

Protected areas

In 1997, the World Wildlife Fund identified fourteen protected areas in the ecoregion, with a combined area of approximately 4,960 km², that encompassed 21% of the ecoregion's area. The adjacent protected areas of Bandipur, Nagarhole, Mudumalai, and Wyanad are home to India's largest protected population of elephants, with over 2500 individuals.

• Bandipur National Park, Karnataka (1,110 km²)
• Bilgiriranga Swamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka (370 km², partly in the South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests)
• Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala (50 km²)
• Eravikulam National Park, Kerala (90 km² partly in the South Western Ghats montane rain forests)
• Indira Gandhi National Park (Anamalai), Tamil Nadu (620 km² partly in the South Western Ghats montane rain forests)
• Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu (895 km², partly in the South Western Ghats montane rain forests)
• Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu (310 km², partly in the South Western Ghats montane rain forests)
• Mudumalai National Park, Tamil Nadu 400 km²)
• Nagarhole National Park, Karnataka (620 km²)
• Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala (128 km²)
• Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala (285 km²)
• Periyar National Park, Kerala (470 km², partly in the South Western Ghats montane rain forests)
• Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala (40 km² partly in the South Western Ghats montane rain forests)
• Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala (430 km²)