Streptopelia

Streptopelia
The Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) is a typical and widespread member of the collared doves
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Columbiformes
Family:	Columbidae
Genus:	Streptopelia Bonaparte, 1855
Species
Around 15, see text.

Streptopelia is a genus of birds in the dove family. These are mainly slim, small to medium-sized species. The upperparts tend to be pale brown, and the underparts are often a shade of pink. Many have a characteristic black-and-white patch on the neck, and monotonous cooing songs.

Like Streptopelia orientalis, the turtle doves typically have a "scaled" neck and wing pattern

The heartland of this genus is Africa, but several species occur in tropical southern Asia. As a group, this genus is highly successful; many species are abundant in a range of habitats in the tropics, and two now have a much more extensive distribution.

The Eurasian collared dove, Streptopelia decaocto, naturally expanded out of its original range of the warmer temperate regions from south east Europe to Japan to colonise the rest of Europe, reaching as far west as Great Britain by 1960, and Ireland soon after. It has also been introduced into the US and, as of 1999 it had been reported from 22 states and was still spreading rapidly.

The spotted dove, S. chinensis (probably better placed in Spilopelia, see below), is an abundant and ubiquitous resident breeding bird in tropical southern Asia, but it has been introduced to the US, Hawaii, northern Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand.

A DNA sequence analysis (Johnson et al., 2001) has concluded that the genus consists of three distinct lineages. One contains the laughing dove and the spotted dove, which have long been recognized as having distinct morphology and behavior. The second group contains most of the other species, except the Madagascar turtle dove and the pink pigeon, which appear to be the surviving species of an endemic Madagascar/Mascarenes radiation and have at times been placed in other genera. The two-species lineages appear to be each other's closest relatives and cannot be firmly assigned to either Columba or Streptopelia (although overall they seem to be close to the latter). Thus, it might be best to split the two minor lineages off as distinct genera, namely Spilopelia for the first (which has priority over Stigmatopelia) and Nesoenas for the last.

Species

The Spilopelia group (here: Spotted dove, S. chinensis) has a multi-spotted neck pattern unlike other Old World doves

The Nesoenas group (here: Madagascar turtle dove, N./S. picturata) has a reddish hue and no conspicuous neck pattern; they are found in the Madagascar region

Possibly separable as Spilopelia

• Laughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis (sometimes separated as Stigmatopelia)
• Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis

Streptopelia main lineage

• Eurasian collared dove or collared dove, Streptopelia decaocto
• Barbary dove Streptopelia risoria (domesticated; taxonomic status doubtful)
• African collared dove, Streptopelia roseogrisea
• European turtle dove Streptopelia turtur
• Oriental turtle dove Streptopelia orientalis
• Dusky turtle dove, Streptopelia lugens
• Adamawa turtle dove, Streptopelia hypopyrrha
• Island collared dove, Streptopelia bitorquata
• Philippine collared dove, Streptopelia dusumieri
• White-winged collared dove, Streptopelia reichenowi
• Mourning collared dove, Streptopelia decipiens
• Red-eyed dove, Streptopelia semitorquata
• Ring-necked dove, Streptopelia capicola
• Vinaceous dove, Streptopelia vinacea
• Red turtle dove, Streptopelia tranquebarica

Possibly separable as Nesoenas

• Madagascar turtle dove, Streptopelia picturata
• †Rodrigues pigeon, Streptopelia rodericana - extinct (before 1690?)
• Pink pigeon, Streptopelia mayeri
• †Réunion pink pigeon, Streptopelia duboisi - extinct (c.1700)

References

Media related to at Wikimedia Commons Media related to at Wikimedia Commons

• Johnson, Kevin P.; de Kort, Selvino; Dinwoodey, Karen, Mateman, A. C.; ten Cate, Carel; Lessells, C. M. & Clayton, Dale H. (2001): A molecular phylogeny of the dove genera Streptopelia and Columba. Auk 118(4): 874-887. PDF fulltext