Strip parish

A strip parish is a parish with a narrow elongated shape, typically formed during the Anglo-Saxon and early medieval period. The shape is influenced by landscape, political and economic factors. Evidence of such parishes can be found throughout England although they appear to have been more common in a number of southern counties particularly but not exclusively associated with locations encompassing both lowland and upland landscapes or alternatively coastal communities.

Origins of strip parishes

A number of common factors influenced the creation of strip parishes: the establishment of the parish unit; the topography of the landscape and the scarcity of valuable resources.

The fragmentation of hundreds in England during the 8th and 9th centuries, due to the split up of larger estates and the transfer of land, progressively resulted in the emergence of smaller manorial estates. One of the most important contributions to this process was the endowment of lands associated with the establishment of churches and their accompanying estate, the patronage of the lower levels of nobility and the legal inheritance of land within families. Accelerated by the arrival of Norman rule all these factors paved the way for simultaneous creation of the patchwork of parish units and formalisation of their administrative boundaries alongside the re-assembling of manorial lands.

In locations such as the Chilterns, South Downs and coastal areas of Devon and Cornwall where there was a limit of important resources, a further development of the parish system can be observed. For example, in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire settlements established in the lowland areas of the Vale of Aylesbury and Thames Valley respectively, along the base of the Chiltern Hills, extended their territories by accumulating territory on the largely uninhabited hillside, scarp and hilltop areas to exploit scarce resources such as, woodland, and upland summer pasture also known as transhumance. The result of this land reorganisation produced estates and parishes, which were narrow elongated strips exhibiting a range of land types ensuring the widest possible availability of resources.

Development of autonomous manors and parishes

Subsequent expansion of the temporary summer settlements led to the establishment of permanent communities, including the formation of autonomous manors or hamlets with their own, initially modest chapels-of-ease, which later became fully-fledged churches. Where topography was not favourable to the expansion uphill to create a parish comprising one continuous strip, a detached area of upland territory was acquired. For example, Marsworth and its detached manor of Hawridge. Normally, such detached land was within the same hundred and County but occasionally, as in Tring, Hertfordshire and its detached upland hamlet Coleshill several miles away and in Buckinghamshire such detached communities can span across county boundaries.

As early as the latter period of the Middle Ages and as late as the 20th century some of these ‘daughter’ communities became permanently detached from their longer established parent village many miles away. In some cases the split resulted eventually in the creation of two and occasionally several separate hamlets.

The consequence of the splitting off of the upland communities was often the relocation of the lowland community to a new village location. In other cases the upland communities have become parishes in their own right or have amalgamated with other hilltop villages to also create a distinct parish.

A detailed account of the development of strip parishes in the Chilterns can be found in The Chilterns by Leslie Hepple and Alison Doggett.

Strip parishes in England

(This list is currently incomplete)

County	Strip Parish	Detached Hamlet / Parish		County	Strip Parish	Detached Hamlet / Parish		County	Strip Parish	Detached Hamlet / Parish
Bedfordshire	Eaton Bray			Hertfordshire	Ridge			Sussex	Arundel
	Toddington				Shenley				Ditchling
	Totternhoe				Tring	Coleshill, Bucks			Lewes
Berkshire	Boxford				Wigginton				Lodsworth
	East Garston			Oxfordshire	Aston Rowant	Stokenchurch			Midhurst
	East Shefford				Checkendon				Petworth
	Welford				Chinnor				Steyning
Buckinghamshire	Aston Clinton	St Leonards			Ipsden			Wiltshire	Charlton
	Bledlow				Kingston Bagpuize				Fittleton
	Buckland	Buckland Common			Lewknor	Ackhampstead, Bucks
	Drayton Beauchamp	Cholesbury			Mongewell
	Great Kimble	Little Kimble, Ellesborough			Newnham Murren
	Horsenden				Nuffield
	Marsworth	Hawridge			Pyrton	Stonor
	Monks Risborough				Shirburn
	Pitstone				South Stoke	Woodcote
	Princes Risborough				Watlington	Warmscombe
	Saunderton			Surrey	Ewell
	Stoke Mandeville	The Hamdens, part of			Leigh	Banstead
	Taplow	Penn			Oxted
	Weston Turville
	The Lee
Devon	Lympstone