Swedish Red cattle
Swedish Red Cattle, (SRB) also called Swedish Red-and-White Cattle, (in Swedish: Svensk rödbrokig boskap or Svensk röd och vit boskap) are a dairy cattle breed from Sweden that originated from English Milking Shorthorn dairy cattle and Scottish Ayrshire cattle.[1] They are a robust and resilient, well known for their calving ease, fertility, udder health, and longevity.[2] They are a multi-purpose breed, with some potential in meat production.[3]
Breed characteristics
Swedish Red and White are medium sized cows, and are mostly red with patchy white spotting. They give approximately 8000 kg of milk per year, with a fat content of 4.4%, and a protein content of 3.6%. They are approximately 140 cm tall and weigh 500–600 kg.[4]
History
In the 1920s, the Red Pied Swedish Breed (RSB) was largest in terms of size in Sweden, but merged with the Swedish Ayrshire Breed in 1928, forming the SRB breed. Over the last five decades, genes of red breeds in Scandinavian countries are being incorporated into the SRB breed as a part of a joint breeding program. This breeding program involves incorporating red dairy genetics from Sweden, Finland, and Denmark, as well as from the Norwegian Red (NRF) breed.[5]
Current status
Crossbreeding of Swedish Red with other breeds is popular in other countries and continents, especially with the Holstein breed in North America. Reoccurring problems in the Holstein breed are calving difficulties, high Somatic cell count (SCC), fertility, and longevity. These problems could be a result of breeding programs which are overly focused on high production. To combat these problems, Swedish Red genetics are being incorporated into North American Dairy herds.[6] Another factor playing a role is the changing of milk pricing in both the United States and Canada. This is due to the Multiple Component Milk Pricing adopted in January 2000. Instead of being paid a flat rate for the amount of milk produced, the milk components will be assessed and milk cheques based on the amount and quality of these components. Swedish Reds have a higher protein and fat content than purebred Holsteins, furthering the incentive for North American producers to incorporate these genetics into their herds.[7]
Despite their popularity in North America,‘Holsteinization’ of breeds is becoming increasingly common in Sweden. For example, the Swedish Friesian, Svensk Laglandsboskap (SLB) now known as the Swedish Holstein, is a direct example of this. Due to a lack of competition production wise between the original SLB when compared to the North American Holstein, the proportion of North American Holstein genetics are steadily increasing in this particular type of cattle. In 1975, the proportion of these genes in Swedish cattle was only 6%. In 2005, it has increased to over 90%.[8]
References
- ↑ Nordic Baltic Farm Animal Database
- ↑ Creative Genetics of California Inc.
- ↑ Oklaholma State University Breed Profile
- ↑ Mastitis and Udder Health in a Dairy Herd of Swedish Holstein and Swedish Red and White Dairy Cattle
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Creative Genetics of California Inc.
- ↑ Milk Components and Quality: New methods for paying Pennsylvania Dairy Farmers
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
