Template:Infobox magnesium

Magnesium,  ₁₂Mg

Spectral lines of magnesium
General properties
Name, symbol	magnesium, Mg
Appearance	shiny grey solid
Pronunciation	/mæɡˈniːziəm/ mag-NEE-zee-əm
Magnesium in the periodic table
Be ↑ Mg ↓ Ca sodium ← magnesium → aluminium
Atomic number (Z)	12
Group, block	group 2 (alkaline earth metals), s-block
Period	period 3
Element category	alkaline earth metal
Standard atomic weight (Ar)	24.305 (24.304–24.307)
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2
per shell	2, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Melting point	923 K ​(650 °C, ​1202 °F)
Boiling point	1363 K ​(1091 °C, ​1994 °F)
Density near r.t.	1.738 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	1.584 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	8.48 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	128 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.869 J/(mol·K)
vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 701 773 861 971 1132 1361
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	+2, +1 ​(a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.31
Ionization energies	1st: 737.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 1450.7 kJ/mol 3rd: 7732.7 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 160 pm
Covalent radius	141±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	173 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	4940 m/s (at r.t.) (annealed)
Thermal expansion	24.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	156 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	43.9 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	45 GPa
Shear modulus	17 GPa
Bulk modulus	45 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.290
Mohs hardness	1–2.5
Brinell hardness	44–260 MPa
CAS Number	7439-95-4
History
Naming	after Magnesia, Greece
Discovery	Joseph Black (1755)
First isolation	Humphry Davy (1808)
Most stable isotopes of magnesium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 24Mg 78.99% 24Mg is stable with 12 neutrons 25Mg 10.00% 25Mg is stable with 13 neutrons 26Mg 11.01% 26Mg is stable with 14 neutrons

References

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