Template:Infobox mercury

Mercury,  ₈₀Hg

Spectral lines of mercury (UV not seen)
General properties
Name, symbol	mercury, Hg
Appearance	silvery
Pronunciation	/ˈmɜːrkjəri/ MER-kyə-ree
Mercury in the periodic table
Cd ↑ Hg ↓ Cn gold ← mercury → thallium
Atomic number (Z)	80
Group, block	group 12, d-block
Period	period 6
Element category	transition metal
Standard atomic weight (±) (Ar)	200.592(3)
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2
Physical properties
Phase	liquid
Melting point	234.3210 K ​(−38.8290 °C, ​−37.8922 °F)
Boiling point	629.88 K ​(356.73 °C, ​674.11 °F)
Density near r.t.	13.534 g/cm3
Triple point	234.3156 K, ​1.65×10−7 kPa
Critical point	1750 K, 172.00 MPa
Heat of fusion	2.29 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	59.11 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.983 J/(mol·K)
vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 315 350 393 449 523 629
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 2 (mercuric), 1 (mercurous), −2 ​(a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.00
Ionization energies	1st: 1007.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1810 kJ/mol 3rd: 3300 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 151 pm
Covalent radius	132±5 pm
Van der Waals radius	155 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​rhombohedral
Speed of sound	liquid: 1451.4 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	60.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	8.30 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	961 nΩ·m (at 25 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
CAS Number	7439-97-6
History
Discovery	Ancient Chinese and Indians (before 2000 BC)
Most stable isotopes of mercury
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 194Hg syn 444 y ε 0.040 194Au 195Hg syn 9.9 h ε 1.510 195Au 196Hg 0.15% >2.5×1018 y (α) 2.0273 192Pt (β+β+) 0.8197 196Pt 197Hg syn 64.14 h ε 0.600 197Au 198Hg 9.97% – (α) 1.3833 194Pt 199Hg 16.87% – (α) 0.8242 195Pt 200Hg 23.10% – (α) 0.7178 196Pt 201Hg 13.18% – (α) 0.3341 197Pt 202Hg 29.86% – (α) 0.1363 198Pt 203Hg syn 46.612 d β− 0.492 203Tl 204Hg 6.87% – (α) – 200Pt (β−β−) 0.4163 204Pb
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

References

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