Template:Infobox neodymium

Neodymium,  ₆₀Nd

General properties
Name, symbol	neodymium, Nd
Appearance	silvery white
Pronunciation	/ˌniː.oʊˈdɪmiəm/ NEE-o-DIM-ee-əm
Neodymium in the periodic table
– ↑ Nd ↓ U praseodymium ← neodymium → promethium
Atomic number (Z)	60
Group, block	group n/a, f-block
Period	period 6
Element category	lanthanide
Standard atomic weight (±) (Ar)	144.242(3)
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f4 6s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Melting point	1297 K ​(1024 °C, ​1875 °F)
Boiling point	3347 K ​(3074 °C, ​5565 °F)
Density near r.t.	7.01 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	6.89 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	7.14 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	289 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.45 J/(mol·K)
vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1595 1774 1998 (2296) (2715) (3336)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	+4, +3, +2 ​(a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.14
Ionization energies	1st: 533.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1040 kJ/mol 3rd: 2130 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 181 pm
Covalent radius	201±6 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	2330 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	α, poly: 9.6 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
Thermal conductivity	16.5 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	α, poly: 643 nΩ·m
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic below 20 K
Young's modulus	α form: 41.4 GPa
Shear modulus	α form: 16.3 GPa
Bulk modulus	α form: 31.8 GPa
Poisson ratio	α form: 0.281
Vickers hardness	345–745 MPa
Brinell hardness	265–700 MPa
CAS Number	7440-00-8
History
Discovery	Carl Auer von Welsbach (1885)
Most stable isotopes of neodymium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 142Nd 27.2% – (SF) <53.264 143Nd 12.2% – (α) 0.5214 139Ce 144Nd 23.8% 2.29×1015 y α 1.905 140Ce 145Nd 8.3% >6×1016 y (α) 1.5784 141Ce 146Nd 17.2% – (α) 1.1822 142Ce (β−β−) 0.0702 146Sm 148Nd 5.7% >3.0×1018 y (α) 0.5986 144Ce (β−β−) 1.9288 148Sm 150Nd 5.6% 6.7×1018 y β−β− 3.367 150Sm
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.