Template:Infobox tungsten

Tungsten,  ₇₄W

General properties
Name, symbol	tungsten, W
Appearance	grayish white, lustrous
Pronunciation	/ˈtʌŋstən/; /ˈwʊlfrəm/ TUNG-stən; WUUL-frəm
Alternative name	wolfram
Tungsten in the periodic table
Mo ↑ W ↓ Sg tantalum ← tungsten → rhenium
Atomic number (Z)	74
Group, block	group 6, d-block
Period	period 6
Element category	transition metal
Standard atomic weight (±) (Ar)	183.84(1)
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Melting point	3695 K ​(3422 °C, ​6192 °F)
Boiling point	6203 K ​(5930 °C, ​10,706 °F)
Density near r.t.	19.25 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	17.6 g/cm3
Critical point	13,892 K,  MPa
Heat of fusion	35.3 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	774 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.27 J/(mol·K)
vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 3477 3773 4137 4579 5127 5823
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −4 ​(a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.36
Ionization energies	1st: 770 kJ/mol 2nd: 1700 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius	162±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	4620 m/s (at r.t.) (annealed)
Thermal expansion	4.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	173 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	52.8 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	411 GPa
Shear modulus	161 GPa
Bulk modulus	310 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.28
Mohs hardness	7.5
Vickers hardness	3430–4600 MPa
Brinell hardness	2000–4000 MPa
CAS Number	7440-33-7
History
Naming	from German wolfram
Discovery	Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1781)
First isolation	Juan José Elhuyar and Fausto Elhuyar (1783)
Most stable isotopes of tungsten
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 180W 0.12% 1.8×1018 y α 2.516 176Hf 181W syn 121.2 d ε 0.188 181Ta 182W 26.50% >1.7×1020 y (α) 1.772 178Hf 183W 14.31% >8×1019 y (α) 1.680 179Hf 184W 30.64% >1.8×1020 y (α) 1.123 180Hf 185W syn 75.1 d β− 0.433 185Re 186W 28.43% >4.1×1018 y (α) 1.656 182Hf (β−β−) – 186Os
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

References

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