Template:Infobox ytterbium

Ytterbium,  ₇₀Yb

General properties
Name, symbol	ytterbium, Yb
Appearance	silvery white; with a pale yellow tint
Pronunciation	/ᵻˈtɜːrbiəm/ i-TUR-bee-əm
Ytterbium in the periodic table
– ↑ Yb ↓ No thulium ← ytterbium → lutetium
Atomic number (Z)	70
Group, block	group n/a, f-block
Period	period 6
Element category	lanthanide
Standard atomic weight (±) (Ar)	173.045(10)
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 6s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Melting point	1097 K ​(824 °C, ​1515 °F)
Boiling point	1469 K ​(1196 °C, ​2185 °F)
Density near r.t.	6.90 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	6.21 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	7.66 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	129 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.74 J/(mol·K)
vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 736 813 910 1047 (1266) (1465)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	3, 2, 1 ​(a basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.1 (?)
Ionization energies	1st: 603.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1174.8 kJ/mol 3rd: 2417 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 176 pm
Covalent radius	187±8 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	1590 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	β, poly: 26.3 µm/(m·K) (r.t.)
Thermal conductivity	38.5 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	β, poly: 0.250 µΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	β form: 23.9 GPa
Shear modulus	β form: 9.9 GPa
Bulk modulus	β form: 30.5 GPa
Poisson ratio	β form: 0.207
Vickers hardness	205–250 MPa
Brinell hardness	340–440 MPa
CAS Number	7440-64-4
History
Naming	after Ytterby (Sweden), where it was mined
Discovery	Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1878)
First isolation	Georges Urbain (1907)
Most stable isotopes of ytterbium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 166Yb syn 56.7 h ε 0.304 166Tm 168Yb 0.13% >1.3×1014 y (α) 1.9508 164Er (β+β+) 1.4221 168Er 169Yb syn 32.026 d ε 0.909 169Tm 170Yb 3.04% – (α) 1.7376 166Er 171Yb 14.28% – (α) 1.5589 167Er 172Yb 21.83% – (α) 1.3103 168Er 173Yb 16.13% – (α) 0.9459 169Er 174Yb 31.83% – (α) 0.7401 170Er 175Yb syn 4.185 d β− 0.470 175Lu 176Yb 12.76% >1.6×1017 y (α) 0.570 172Er (β−β−) 1.083 176Hf 177Yb syn 1.911 h β− 1.399 177Lu
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

References

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