Template:Infobox zinc

Zinc,  ₃₀Zn

General properties
Name, symbol	zinc, Zn
Appearance	silver-gray
Pronunciation	/ˈzɪŋk/ ZINGK
Zinc in the periodic table
– ↑ Zn ↓ Cd copper ← zinc → gallium
Atomic number (Z)	30
Group, block	group 12, d-block
Period	period 4
Element category	transition metal, alternatively considered a post-transition metal
Standard atomic weight (±) (Ar)	65.38(2)
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d10 4s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 2
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Melting point	692.68 K ​(419.53 °C, ​787.15 °F)
Boiling point	1180 K ​(907 °C, ​1665 °F)
Density near r.t.	7.14 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	6.57 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	7.32 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	115 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.470 J/(mol·K)
vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 610 670 750 852 990 1179
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	-2, 0, +1, +2 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.65
Ionization energies	1st: 906.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1733.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 3833 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius	122±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	139 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	3850 m/s (at r.t.) (rolled)
Thermal expansion	30.2 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	116 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	59.0 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	108 GPa
Shear modulus	43 GPa
Bulk modulus	70 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.25
Mohs hardness	2.5
Brinell hardness	327–412 MPa
CAS Number	7440-66-6
History
Discovery	Indian metallurgists (before 1000 BC)
First isolation	Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (1746)
Recognized as a unique metal by	Rasaratna Samuccaya (800)
Most stable isotopes of zinc
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 64Zn 48.6% >2.3×1018 y (β+β+) 1.096 64Ni 65Zn syn 243.8 d ε 1.3519 65Cu γ 1.1155 – 66Zn 27.9% 66Zn is stable with 36 neutrons 67Zn 4.1% 67Zn is stable with 37 neutrons 68Zn 18.8% 68Zn is stable with 38 neutrons 69Zn syn 56 min β− 0.906 69Ga 69mZn syn 13.76 h β− 0.906 69Ga 70Zn 0.6% >1.3×1016 y (β−β−) 0.998 70Ge 71Zn syn 2.4 min β− 2.82 71Ga 71mZn syn 3.97 d β− 2.82 71Ga 72Zn syn 46.5 h β− 0.458 72Ga
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

References

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